Prosocial Behaviour

Question 1

Prosocial behaviour general:

Answer 1

Acts positively valued by society

Question 2

Prosocial behaviour definition:

Answer 2

Behaviour that has positive social consequence and contributes to the well being of another person

Question 3

Helping behaviour:

Answer 3

Intentional and benefits another

Question 4

Altruism:

Answer 4

Act to benefit other rather than self, performed without expectation of personal gain, can be costly

Question 5

Why do people help

Answer 5

Evolutionary perspective
Learning to be helpful
Social norms
Empathy altruism hypothesis

Question 6

Evolutionary success-

Answer 6

Survival of ones genes in subsequent generations

Question 7

Existence of Prosocial tendencies in humans because of:

Answer 7

Genetically based predispositions to act prosocially

He evolutionary success of people who displayed such predispositions

Question 8

Kin selection:

Answer 8

Evolutionary benefit in terms of inclusive fitness to those who help relatives

Question 9

Barrett et al

Answer 9

Human more inclined to help relatives than unrelated individuals

Question 10

Burnstein et al

Answer 10

Tendency to help people who varied in kinship in two conditions healthy v sick
Life or death situations
Help healthy in life or death situations
Help non healthy in every day situations

Question 11

Reciprocal altrusim

Answer 11

Helping others increase the likelihood that they will help us
Norm of reciprocity exists in every culture

Question 12

Reciprocity benefits that may add to evolutionary success:

Answer 12

Increases status and reputation in community

Question 13

Learning to be helpful-

Answer 13

Observational learning/ modelling
Using reinforcement
Acts that are rewarded more likely to be repeated

Question 14

Norms for helping

Answer 14

Reciprocity principle

Social responsibility

Question 15

Reciprocity principle

Answer 15

We should help those who help us

Question 16

Social responsibility

Answer 16

We should help people who are dependent and in need without regard to future changes

Question 17

Gaertner and Dovidio Empathy and Arousal:

Answer 17

Distress, state of arousal, empathy

Question 18

Empathy:

Answer 18

Ability to feel another persons experiences, identifying with and experiencing another persons emotions, thoughts and attitudes

Question 19

Empathetic arousal important in

Answer 19

Helping

Question 20

But distress of others unpleasant

Answer 20

Reduce own unpleasant feelings or altruism

Question 21

Altruism Hypothesis, Batson

Answer 21

Perception that someone needs help

Question 22

Altruism hypothesis route 1

Answer 22

Imagine how that person feels, empathic concern, altruistic motive (reduction of others distress)

Question 23

Altruism hypothesis route 2

Answer 23

Focus on your own feelings, personal distress, egoistic motive reduction of ones own distress

Question 24

Why do people help?

Answer 24

Evolution
Norms
Modelling
Empathy

Question 25

The Kitty Genovese murder:

Answer 25

Half an hour of attack not one neighbour helped
1 anonymous phone call to police 30 mins later
38 people admitted to hearing screaming

Question 26

Bystander effect:

Answer 26

People less likely to help in an emergency when they are with others than when alone

Question 27

Bystander intervention:

Answer 27

Individual breaks out of role of a bystander and helps another

Question 28

Decision model of bystander intervention:

Answer 28

Notice incident, interpret incident, accept personal responsibility for helping, decide what can be done

Question 29

Processes contributing to bystander apathy:

Answer 29

Diffusion of responsibility
Audience inhibition
Social influence

Question 30

Personal factors of helping

Answer 30

Competence 
Mood states (good mood and guilt)
Gender differences (Eagly and Crowley males more likely to help females)