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Psychology > Attitude And Attitude Change > Flashcards

Attitude And Attitude Change Flashcards

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1
Q

Attitude

A

beliefs feelings and behavioural tendencies towards socially significant objects events or symbols

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2
Q

Rosenberg and Hovland 3 components to attitude:

A

Affective
Cognitive
Behavioural

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3
Q

Affective:

A

Expressions of feelings towards an object

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4
Q

Cognitive:

A

Expression of beliefs about an object

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5
Q

Behavioural:

A

Overt actions/verbal statements concerning behaviour

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6
Q

Where do attitudes come from?

A

Mere exposure effect- Zajonc
Classical and instrumental conditioning
Self perception theory

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7
Q

Zajonc’s mere exposure effect:

A

Repeated exposure of a stimulus- enhancement of preference for that stimulus

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8
Q

Classical conditioning:

A

Repeated association, neutral stimulus elicits reaction

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9
Q

Instrumental conditioning:

A

Behaviour followed by positive consequences reinforced and repeated

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10
Q

Bem’s self perception theory:

A

Gain knowledge of ourselves by making self attributions

Infer attitudes from our behaviour

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11
Q

Attitude functions

A

Knowledge
Utilitarian
Ego defensive
Value expressive

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12
Q

How are attitudes revealed:

A

Self report and experimental paradigms
Physiological measures
Overt behaviour

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13
Q

Self report and experimental paradigms:

A

Evaluation towards objects weighted by strength

Implicit association task

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14
Q

Physiological measures:

A

Skin resistance, heart rate, pupil dilation

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15
Q

Overt behaviour:

A

Frequency of behaviour
Trends and preferences over various objects
Non verbal behaviour

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16
Q

Core of self concept:

A

Hobbies, beliefs, politics, music

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17
Q

Crano and Prislin:

A

Because attitudes predict behaviour they are considered the crown jewel of social psychology

18
Q

Lapiere prejudice Study:

A

Responses did not affect attitudes

19
Q

Specificity:

A

This couple of all Chinese people in general

20
Q

Time:

A

The closer the stronger correlation

21
Q

Attitude accessibility and strength:

A

Information / direct experience

22
Q

Attitude - behaviour relationship. Wicker:

A

Attitudes weekly correlated with behaviour across 45 studies
Average correlation .15

23
Q

Attitude behaviour relationship Gregson and Stacey

A

Small positive correlation between attitudes and alcohol consumption

24
Q

Moderator variables-

A

Situation, habit, direct experience

25
Q

Other variables:

A

Strong indirect attitude behaviour relationships, eg through intentions

26
Q

Theory of planned behaviour:

A 
Attitudes towards the behaviour 
Subjective norm 
Perceived behavioural control 
Intention 
Behaviour
27
Q

Armitage and Connor:

A

Reviewed 185 TPB studies until 1997
TPB accounted for 27% variance in behaviour
39% intentions

28
Q

Subjective norm:

A

Generally weak predictor

29
Q

Festinger, cognitive dissonance:

A

Person has two or more cognitions that are inconsistent

30
Q

Cognitive dissonance features:

A

Counter attitudinal behaviour

Strive to reduce tension

31
Q

Counter attitudinal behaviour:

A

Feel discomfort / dissonance

32
Q

Strive to reduce tension:

A

Can reduce dissonance by hanging inconsistent cognitions

33
Q

Attitudes as balance schema:

A

Heider
Balanced triad
Unbalanced triad

34
Q

Dual route models:

A

Elaboration likelihood model- petty and cacioppo

Heuristic systematic model chaiken

35
Q

Central route:

A

When message is followed closely considerable cognitive effort expended

36
Q

Peripheral route:

A

When arguments not well attended to, peripheral cues, attraction rather than info

37
Q

Central:

A

Argument quality

38
Q

Peripheral:

A

Attractiveness, source credibility

39
Q

Heuristic systematic model- chaiken features:

A

Systematic processing

Heuristic processing

40
Q

Systematic processing:

A

Careful, deliberate scanning and processing of available info

41
Q

Heurisric processing:

A

Use cognitive heuristics or short cuts

Psychology (16 decks)

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