Aggression

Question 1

What is aggression?

Answer 1

Intended to harm another of same species

Directed toward another individual with the proximate intent to cause harm

Question 2

Theories of aggression:

Answer 2

Psychodynamic theory - Freud
Ethnological perspective - Lorenz
Evolutionary social psychology 
SLT
Frustration- aggression hypothesis 
Excitation Transfer Model

Question 3

Psychodynamic theory - Freud

Answer 3

Innate death instinct
Thanatos initially directed at self destruction but as we develop becomes directed towards others
Aggression builds up and naturally released

Question 4

Ethnological perspective - Lorenz

Answer 4

Aggression survival value functional view of aggression

Question 5

Ethological Perspective- Lorenz

Answer 5

Aggression has a survival value functional view of aggression

Question 6

Duel factor theory-

Answer 6

Innate urge to aggression

Aggressive behaviour elicited by environmental stimuli (releasers)

Question 7

Evolutionary social psychology:

Answer 7

Social behaviour is adaptive and helps the individual, kin and specifies to survive

Question 8

Aggressive behaviour evolved to allow

Answer 8

To procreate and pass on genes next to generation

Question 9

In humans:

Answer 9

Aggressive acts can increase social and economic advantage

Question 10

SLT - Bandura

Answer 10

Observational learning, modelling and learning by vicarious experience

Question 11

Bandits and Ross & Ross

Answer 11

Children watched an adult playing with bobo doll

Children exposed to aggressive model displayed significantly more aggression

Question 12

4 conditions:

Answer 12

Observed real life aggressive model
Observed aggressive model on film
Film depicting an aggressive cartoon character
Control group- no exposure to aggressive model

Question 13

Frustration - aggression hypothesis

Answer 13

The occurrence of aggressive behaviour always presupposes the existence of frustration

Question 14

Frustration:

Answer 14

An interference with the occurrence of an instigated goal response at its proper time in the behaviour sequence

Question 15

Scapegoat

Answer 15

Hovland and Sears
Aggression result of having ones goals thwarted
Target too powerful unavailable or not a person displace aggression onto alternative target

Question 16

Berkowitz

Answer 16

Frustration does not always lead to aggression

Question 17

Not just frustration that leads to aggression:

Answer 17

Aversive events

Negative affect

Question 18

Aggression facilitating cues

Answer 18

Situational cues can intensify aggressive reactions resulting from barrier to goal attainment

Question 19

Berkowitz and lepage weapons effect

Answer 19

Participants received electric shocks (1 or 7) from confederate
Participants then given opportunity to administer shocks to confederate in presence or absence or weapons

Question 20

Results of weapons affect-

Answer 20

If angered more shocks given in presence of weapons

Question 21

Zillman excitation transfer

Answer 21

Learnt aggressive behaviour
Arousal or excitation from another source
The persons interpretation of the arousal state such that aggressive response seems appropriate

Question 22

Factors influencing aggression

Answer 22

Type a personality
Frustration and provocation sensitivity
Gender and socialisation

Question 23

Type A personality:

Answer 23

Striving to achieve, time urgency, competitiveness and hostility
More aggressive toward competitors more conflict with peers and subordinates but not superiors

Question 24

Gender and socialisation:

Answer 24

Males- more direct aggression more physically aggressive

Females more indirect aggression (gossip)

Question 25

Factors influencing aggression:

Answer 25

Heat
Crowding
Relative deprivation

Question 26

Heat

Answer 26

Link bwteeen temp and aggressive acts

Aggression and temp show an inverted U relationship

Question 27

Disinhibition

Answer 27

Breakdown in the learned controls (social forces) against behaving impulsively or aggressively

Question 28

Deindividuation

Answer 28

A process leading to disinhibition though presence of others and lack of identifiability