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BIO 251 > Prokaryotic Profiles: The Bacteria and Archaea Part 1 > Flashcards

Prokaryotic Profiles: The Bacteria and Archaea Part 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the three ways that prokaryotes can be distinguished from eukaryotes?

A

Packaging of genetic material
The makeup of their cell wall
Their internal structure

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2
Q

Packaging of genetic material-prokaryotes

A

Lack of nucleus and histones

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3
Q

Makeup of the cell wall-prokaryotes

A

Peptidoglycan and other unique chemicals

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4
Q

Internal structure - prokaryotes

A

Lack membrane-bound organelles

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5
Q

ALL bacterial cells possess…

A 
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton 
One or a few chromosomes
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6
Q

MOST bacterial cells possess..

A

Cell wall

Surface coating called glycocalyx

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7
Q

Some, but not all bacterial cells possess..

A

Flagella, fimbriae and pilli
An outer membrane
Plasmids
Endospores

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8
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Circular pieces of DNA that are not chromosomes, additional genetic material that is not essential for survival but usually benefits the organism in some way

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9
Q

Most prokaryotes exist as ________ organisms

A

Unicellular

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10
Q

Sometimes, when prokaryotes are not unicellular, they can act as a _______, in _______, or in ______

A

Group
Colonies
Biofilms

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11
Q

The size of prokaryotes can range from _____ to _____μm (“nannies”) to _____ μm

A

0.05
0.02
750

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12
Q

Cells of one species may vary in ___ and _____

A

Shape

Size

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13
Q

Pleomorphism

A

Change in shape and size caused by variations in cell wall

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14
Q

What is a colony?

A

Billions of bacteria

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15
Q

Coccus

A

Spherical or round shaped (can also be oval, bean shaped, etc)

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16
Q

Rod / bacillus

A

Cylindrical cell

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17
Q

Vibrio

A

Singly occurring rods that are gently curved

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18
Q

Coccobacillus

A

Really short rods

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19
Q

Spirilium

A

A bacterium having a slightly curled or spiral shaped cylinder

20
Q

Spirochete

A

Spiral cell containing periplasmic flagella

21
Q

Branching filaments

A

Multiple branches off a basic rod structure

22
Q

Diplococcus

A

Two cells (side by side)

23
Q

Streptococcus

A

Variable number in long chains

24
Q

Tetrad

A

Cocci in packets of four

25
Q

Sarcina

A

Packet of 8-64 cells

26
Q

Staph

A

Irregular clusters

27
Q

Flagella

A

Prokaryotic propellers

-Bacterial locomotion

28
Q

Three distinct parts to flagella

A

Basal body
Hook
Filament

29
Q

What are flagella comprised of?

A

Many proteins

30
Q

Monotrichous

A

Single flagellum

31
Q

Lophotrichous

A

Small tufts of flagella

32
Q

Amphitrichous

A

Flagella at both poles of the cell

33
Q

Peritrichous

A

Flagella dispersed randomly over surface of cell

34
Q

What is chemotaxis?

A

Bacteria moving in response to chemical signals

35
Q

How does bacteria move?

A

Receptors bind extracellular molecules, which triggers flagellum to rotate

36
Q

Prokaryotic Appendages

A

Fimbriae

37
Q

Fimbriae

A

Used for attachment

38
Q

Pili

A

Used for attachment and genetic exchange during conjugation

39
Q

Glycocalyx

A

“Protein sugar cell”

40
Q

What is the glycocalyx composed of?

A

Polysaccharides, proteins or both

41
Q

A glycocalyx is used to avoid ______ and for _____

A

Phagocytosis

Adhesion

42
Q

Capsule

A

Bound tightly to cell, visible by negative staining (much more intense than glycocalyx layer)

43
Q

What does the capsule produce?

A

A sticky (mucoid) character to colonies

44
Q

Encapsulated bacterial cells generally have a greater..

A

Pathogenicity

45
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Strep species that causes pneumonia, encapsulated

BIO 251 (26 decks)

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