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BIO 251 > Chapter 9: Control of Microbial Growth- Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Control of Microbial Growth- Part 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Filtration of fluids

A

Nylon membranes of defined pour sizes

  • 0.45 um
  • 0.20um
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2
Q

How are the filters sterilized for filtration of fluids?

A

Irradiation

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3
Q

What does filtration of fluids filter out?

A

Bacteria but NOT viruses or prions

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4
Q

HEPA

A

High-efficiency particulate air filters

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5
Q

HEPA uses

A
  • Room ventilation
  • Laminar flow hoods
  • Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (mask covering face)
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6
Q

Types of radiation

A

Ionizing
Ultraviolet
Microwaves

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7
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

Damages things by causing electrons to pop off

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8
Q

UV light

A

Can be damaging to DNA

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9
Q

Microwaves

A

Use hear as a way to destroy things

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10
Q

High pressure

A

Like an autoclave without the heat or steam (up to 130,000 psi)

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11
Q

Potency

A

How well something gets rid of microorganisms

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12
Q

Levels of potency

A

Sterilants
High-level disinfectants
Intermediate-level disinfectants
Low-level disinfectants

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13
Q

Sterilants

A

Kills everything!

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14
Q

High-level disinfectants

A

Kills viruses and all vegetative bacteria (but not spore formers!)

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15
Q

Intermediate-level disinfectants

A

Kills all vegetative bacteria and most viruses

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16
Q

Low-level disinfectants

A

All vegetative bacteria and enveloped (membrane-bound) viruses

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17
Q

Which type of viruses are more/very hardy?

A

Non-enveloped

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18
Q

Why are sterilants not always used?

A

They could damage what you are trying to clean, cost, etc.

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19
Q

You have been given a sample of one type of bacteria and one virus and have been asked to kill the bacteria and inactivate the virus using the least potent chemical treatment to do so. The bacteria do not produce endospores and the virus is enveloped. What would you use?

A

Low-level disinfectant

20
Q

Things to consider when selecting the appropriate germicidal chemical

A 
Toxicity
Activity in the presence of organic matter
Residue
Cost and availability
Storage and stability
Environmental risk
21
Q

Germicidal

A

Killing bacteria and inactivating viruses

22
Q

Chemical classes of germicidal chemicals

A 
Alcohols 
Aldehydes
Biguanides
Ethylene oxide
Halogens
Ozone
Peroxygens
Phenolic compounds
Quaternary ammonia
23
Q

Alcohols

A

Denature proteins, solubilize membranes (can be used as antiseptics and disinfectants)

24
Q

Aldehydes

A

Chemically modify proteins and nucleic acids

25
Q

Glutaraldehyde

A

2% solution used on medical instruments that are heat sensitive

26
Q

Formaldehyde

A

Gas used to fumigate (especially areas with airborne viruses, cruise ship)

27
Q

Orthophthaladehyde

A

OPA, newer aldehyde, has shorter contact time

28
Q

Biguanides

A

Adhere to skin and mucous membranes

29
Q

Biguanides are a type of…

A

Antiseptic

30
Q

Biguanides target…

A

Membranes for destruction

31
Q

Chlorhexidines

A

Type of biguanide, antiseptic ointment or solution

  • Surgical scrubbing
  • Mouthwash
  • Skin abrasions
32
Q

Ethylene oxide

A

For use on substances that can not withstand autoclaving, used on surgical garbs

33
Q

What does ethylene oxide do?

A

It is highly oxidative, destroys DNA

34
Q

Halogens

A

Target proteins, react with organic molecules to form toxic substances

35
Q

Examples of halogens

A

Chlorine
Wescodyne
Iodine- not effective against endospores and Pseudomonas species (only effective against what is common)

36
Q

Ozone

A

Target proteins, oxidative agent

37
Q

Ozone is used for..

A

Drinking water and wastewater (usually the last step in many water treatment plants)

38
Q

Peroxygens

A

Target proteins

Oxidizing agents

39
Q

Examples of peroxygens

A 
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
Peracertic acid
40
Q

Phenolic compounds

A

Dissolve membranes
Denature proteins
-Lysol

41
Q

Quaternary ammonia compounds

A

Research labs and food preparation areas

Cationic detergents

42
Q

What do quats do?

A

Bind to negatively-charged membrane lipids

43
Q

Chemicals that target cytoplasmic membrane

A

Biguanides
Phenolics
Quats

44
Q

Chemicals that target DNA

A

Ethylene oxide

Aldehydes

45
Q

Chemicals that target proteins

A 
Alcohols
Aldehydes
Halogens
Metals
Ozone
Peroxygens
Phenolics

BIO 251 (26 decks)

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