Chapter 21: Genitourinary Infections-Part 1

Question 1

United States leads Industrialized nations in reported incidence of..

Answer 1

Sexually transmitted infections

Question 2

Normally urine and urinary tract above bladder entrance are…

Answer 2

Free of microorganisms (sterile)

Question 3

Lowe urethra contains..

Answer 3

Normal resident flora

Question 4

Species of normal resident flora of the urethra include..

Answer 4

Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium and Streptococcus

Question 5

Normal flora and resistance to infection varies considerably in female genital tract. This depends considerably on..

Answer 5

Hormonal status

Question 6

UTIs account for around ________ doctor visits annually in the US

Answer 6

7 million

Question 7

UTIs may account for ___ or ___ of the organs of the urinary system

Answer 7

Any

All

Question 8

Any situation interfering with urine flow…

Answer 8

Increases risk of infection

Question 9

3 types of bacteria that can cause UTIs

Answer 9

Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Proteus mirabillis

Question 10

Cystitis

Answer 10

Bladder infection

Question 11

Pyelonephritis

Answer 11

Kidney infection

Question 12

E coli mode of transmission

Answer 12

Endogenous transfer from GI tract

Question 13

Staphylococcus saprophyticus mode of transmission

Answer 13

Opportunism

Question 14

Proteus mirabillis mode of transmission

Answer 14

Opportunism

Question 15

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Answer 15

Vaginal yeast infection

Question 16

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis symptoms

Answer 16

Itching
Burning
Scant vaginal discharge (white clumps)
Involved area usually red or swollen

Question 17

Causative agent of Vulvovaginal candidiasis

Answer 17

Candida albicans

YEAST

Question 18

Candida albicans is part of the normal flora in approximately ___% of women

Answer 18

35

Question 19

Vulvovaginal candidiasis normally causes no symptoms because..

Answer 19

Of the balance between etiologic organism and normal vaginal flora

Question 20

Yeast infections occur when….

Answer 20

Balance upset fungi, multiply without restraint, cause inflammatory response and symptoms

Question 21

Spread of vulvovaginal candidiasis

Answer 21

Disease not spread person to person

Generally not sexually sexually transmitted

Question 22

Vulvovaginal candidiasis: antibacterial medications….

Answer 22

Increase risk of disease

Question 23

Prevention of vulvovaginal candidiasis

Answer 23

Prevention directed at minimizing use and duration of antibiotic therapy

Question 24

Treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis

Answer 24

Intravaginal treatment with anti-fungal medication usually effective

Question 25

OTC medications for treatment of Vulvovaginal candidiasis

Answer 25

Nystatin and Clotrimazole (most effective)

Question 26

Common prescription medication for Vulvovaginal candidiasis

Answer 26

Fluconazole given by mouth | 1 in 7 have side effects

Question 27

Gonorrhea incubation period

Answer 27

2 to 5 days post exposure

Question 28

Gonorrhea: _______ infection can occur on both sexes

Answer 28

Asymptomatic

Question 29

Gonorrhea symptoms men

Answer 29

Characterized as urethritis with - Pain on urination - Discharge from penis

Question 30

Gonorrhea symptoms women

Answer 30

Painful urination | Mild discharge

Question 31

Are men or women more likely to be asymptomatic carriers of gonorrhea?

Answer 31

Women

Question 32

Gonorrhea causative agent

Answer 32

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 33

Characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 33

Gram negative | Diplococcus

Question 34

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is typically found

Answer 34

On or in leukocytes or in urethral pus

Question 35

Do most Neisseria gonorrhoeae survive well outside of host?

Answer 35

No

Question 36

Neisseria gonorrhoeae infects..

Answer 36

Only humans

Question 37

Gonnorhea bacteria is transmitted primarily by...

Answer 37

Intimate sexual contact

Question 38

Neisseria gonorrhoeae attach to..

Answer 38

Non-ciliated epithelial cells via pili

Question 39

Neisseria gonorrhoeae attach particularly to cells of the..

Answer 39

Urethra, uterine cervix and conjunctiva

Question 40

Neisseria gonorrhoeae proteins bind...

Answer 40

CD4 lymphocytes (prevents activation of immune response)

Question 41

_______ _______ allows gonorrheal escape from antibody

Answer 41

Antigenic variation (interferes with ability to make vaccine)

Question 42

In women, gonorrhea follows a different course. The organism thrives in..

Answer 42

Cervix and fallopian tubes

Question 43

__% to __% of untreated women of Gonorrhea develop..

Answer 43

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Question 44

PID can lead to..

Answer 44

Scar formation in fallopian tubes leads to increased risk of ectopic pregnancy and sterility

Question 45

Opthalmia neoinatorum

Answer 45

Gonococcal conjunctivitis of the newborn

Question 46

Opthalmia neonatorum is acquired from..

Answer 46

Infected birth canal

Question 47

Opthalmia neonaturum is prevented with..

Answer 47

Silver nitrate or erythromycin within 1 hour of birth