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BIO 251 > Chapter 21: Genitourinary Infections-Part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 21: Genitourinary Infections-Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

United States leads Industrialized nations in reported incidence of..

A

Sexually transmitted infections

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2
Q

Normally urine and urinary tract above bladder entrance are…

A

Free of microorganisms (sterile)

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3
Q

Lowe urethra contains..

A

Normal resident flora

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4
Q

Species of normal resident flora of the urethra include..

A

Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium and Streptococcus

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5
Q

Normal flora and resistance to infection varies considerably in female genital tract. This depends considerably on..

A

Hormonal status

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6
Q

UTIs account for around ________ doctor visits annually in the US

A

7 million

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7
Q

UTIs may account for ___ or ___ of the organs of the urinary system

A

Any

All

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8
Q

Any situation interfering with urine flow…

A

Increases risk of infection

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9
Q

3 types of bacteria that can cause UTIs

A

Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Proteus mirabillis

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10
Q

Cystitis

A

Bladder infection

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11
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Kidney infection

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12
Q

E coli mode of transmission

A

Endogenous transfer from GI tract

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13
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus mode of transmission

A

Opportunism

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14
Q

Proteus mirabillis mode of transmission

A

Opportunism

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15
Q

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

A

Vaginal yeast infection

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16
Q

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis symptoms

A

Itching
Burning
Scant vaginal discharge (white clumps)
Involved area usually red or swollen

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17
Q

Causative agent of Vulvovaginal candidiasis

A

Candida albicans

YEAST

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18
Q

Candida albicans is part of the normal flora in approximately ___% of women

A

35

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19
Q

Vulvovaginal candidiasis normally causes no symptoms because..

A

Of the balance between etiologic organism and normal vaginal flora

20
Q

Yeast infections occur when….

A

Balance upset fungi, multiply without restraint, cause inflammatory response and symptoms

21
Q

Spread of vulvovaginal candidiasis

A

Disease not spread person to person

Generally not sexually sexually transmitted

22
Q

Vulvovaginal candidiasis: antibacterial medications….

A

Increase risk of disease

23
Q

Prevention of vulvovaginal candidiasis

A

Prevention directed at minimizing use and duration of antibiotic therapy

24
Q

Treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis

A

Intravaginal treatment with anti-fungal medication usually effective

25
Q

OTC medications for treatment of Vulvovaginal candidiasis

A

Nystatin and Clotrimazole (most effective)

26
Q

Common prescription medication for Vulvovaginal candidiasis

A

Fluconazole given by mouth

1 in 7 have side effects

27
Q

Gonorrhea incubation period

A

2 to 5 days post exposure

28
Q

Gonorrhea: _______ infection can occur on both sexes

A

Asymptomatic

29
Q

Gonorrhea symptoms men

A

Characterized as urethritis with

  • Pain on urination
  • Discharge from penis
30
Q

Gonorrhea symptoms women

A

Painful urination

Mild discharge

31
Q

Are men or women more likely to be asymptomatic carriers of gonorrhea?

32
Q

Gonorrhea causative agent

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

33
Q

Characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Gram negative

Diplococcus

34
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is typically found

A

On or in leukocytes or in urethral pus

35
Q

Do most Neisseria gonorrhoeae survive well outside of host?

36
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae infects..

A

Only humans

37
Q

Gonnorhea bacteria is transmitted primarily by…

A

Intimate sexual contact

38
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae attach to..

A

Non-ciliated epithelial cells via pili

39
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae attach particularly to cells of the..

A

Urethra, uterine cervix and conjunctiva

40
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae proteins bind…

A

CD4 lymphocytes (prevents activation of immune response)

41
Q

_______ _______ allows gonorrheal escape from antibody

A

Antigenic variation (interferes with ability to make vaccine)

42
Q

In women, gonorrhea follows a different course. The organism thrives in..

A

Cervix and fallopian tubes

43
Q

__% to __% of untreated women of Gonorrhea develop..

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

44
Q

PID can lead to..

A

Scar formation in fallopian tubes leads to increased risk of ectopic pregnancy and sterility

45
Q

Opthalmia neoinatorum

A

Gonococcal conjunctivitis of the newborn

46
Q

Opthalmia neonatorum is acquired from..

A

Infected birth canal

47
Q

Opthalmia neonaturum is prevented with..

A

Silver nitrate or erythromycin within 1 hour of birth

BIO 251 (26 decks)

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