Chapter 16: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin- Part 1

Question 1

Stratum corneum

Answer 1

25 cells thick, dead cells that have migrated from the deeper layers

Question 2

Entire epidermis replaced every..

Answer 2

25-45 days

Question 3

Keratin

Answer 3

Give cells the ability to withstand damage, abrasion and water penetration

Question 4

Stratum basale

Answer 4

Several layers below the stratum corneum, attached to the dermis, source of cells that make up epidermis

Question 5

Other protective characteristics of the skin and its defenses

Answer 5

Sebaceous (oil) glands
Antimicrobial peptides
Sweat
Lysozyme

Question 6

How does sweat protect?

Answer 6

pH and flushing

Question 7

How does sebum protect?

Answer 7

Microbes get stuck in it

Question 8

Lysozyme

Answer 8

Specific to mucus membrane and eyes, attacks bacterial cell wall

Question 9

What layer of the epidermis is the thickest?

Answer 9

Stratum corneum

Question 10

Normal biota of the skin must be capable of…

Answer 10

Living in dry, salty conditions

Question 11

Are a majority of the normal biota culturable?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

Human microbiome project has shown that which genera are found on the skin?

Answer 12

Staphylococcus
Propionbacterium
Corynebacterium
Malassezia
Pseudomonas
Janthinobacterium

Question 13

Maculopapular rash diseases

Answer 13

Flat to slightly raised colored bumps

Question 14

Maculopapular rash diseases types

Answer 14

Measles 
Rubella
Fifth disease
Roseola
Scarlet fever

Question 15

Fifth disease is caused by..

Answer 15

B19 parovirus

Question 16

Roseola is caused by..

Answer 16

Human herpes virus

Question 17

What does roseola do?

Answer 17

Changes color of skin

Question 18

Scarlet fever is caused by..

Answer 18

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 19

Impetigo

Answer 19

Superficial bacterial infection, usually in children, near nose / mouth

Question 20

Cellulitis

Answer 20

Bacterial infection that involves dermis and subcutaneous level

Question 21

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Answer 21

Caused by Rheketzia, spread by tick bite

Question 22

Vessicular or pustular rash diseases

Answer 22

Chickenpox, smallpox, HSV

Question 23

Conjunctivitis

Answer 23

Pink eye

Question 24

Keratitis

Answer 24

Severe eye infection that can lead to destruction of cornea

Question 25

Has there been a reduction in measles cases within the 20th century?

Answer 25

Yes because of vaccination programs

Question 26

Symptoms of measles

Answer 26

- Begins with fever, runny nose, cough, red weepy eyes | - Fine rash appears within a few days

Question 27

Where does the fine rash of measles begin?

Answer 27

Appears first on forehead, then spreads to rest of body

Question 28

When do symptoms of measles generally disappear?

Answer 28

Within 1 week

Question 29

Many cases of measles are complicated with...

Answer 29

Secondary infections

Question 30

What are the most common secondary conditions of measles?

Answer 30

Pneumonia and earaches

Question 31

Less common complications of measles

Answer 31

Encephalitis and subacute sclerosis panencehalitis (SSPE)

Question 32

Measles is most contagious in what stage?

Answer 32

Red weepy eye stage

Question 33

Febrile

Answer 33

Fever

Question 34

Measles still kills about _____ people every year

Answer 34

700,000

Question 35

Measles causative agent

Answer 35

Rubeola virus

Question 36

Characteristics of rubeola virus

Answer 36

Pleomorphic, medium sized, enveloped

Question 37

The envelope of the rubeola virus contains..

Answer 37

Two different types of spike proteins

Question 38

What are the two spike proteins of the rubeola virus for?

Answer 38

One for viral attachment to host | One for fusion with host membrane

Question 39

Rubeola virus genome

Answer 39

Single-stranded RNA

Question 40

What family does the rubeola virus belong to?

Answer 40

Paramixoviridae

Question 41

Host (s) of measles

Answer 41

Humans are only natural host

Question 42

Measles virus (rubeola) is spread by..

Answer 42

Respiratory droplets

Question 43

Before routine immunization, what percent of the population was infected?

Answer 43

Over 99%

Question 44

Is measles still endemic in the US?

Answer 44

No

Question 45

What illnesses are next to be eradicated?

Answer 45

Measles | Polio

Question 46

Prevention of measles

Answer 46

Directed toward vaccination (usually given in conjunction with mumps, rubella, varicella vaccine, MMRV)

Question 47

Is there an antiviral treatment for rubeola infection?

Answer 47

No