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BIO 251 > Chapter 13: Host Defenses Adaptive Immunity- Part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Host Defenses Adaptive Immunity- Part 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Third line of defense

A

Includes specific host defenses that must be developed uniquely for each microbe through the action of specialized white blood cells

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2
Q

The two adaptive immune responses

A

Type I: Cell-mediated

Type II: Humoral or antibody mediated

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3
Q

The two types of immune responses are often ________ _______

A

Mutually exclusive

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4
Q

What type of cells are the big responder in type II immunity?

A

B cells

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5
Q

B cells are covered with…

A

Thousands of copies of a membrane-bound immunoglobulin, termed B cell receptor (BCR) or surface Ig (sIg)

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6
Q

Is the sIg specific?

A

Yes, specific for a particular molecule from a particular species of pathogen

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7
Q

What must B cells also receive to fully activate?

A

A chemical signal (cytokines) from Helper T cells

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8
Q

If a pathogen enters the body… (Type II)

A

B cell will bind to it using its BCR

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9
Q

The binding of a BCR to a pathogen will result in..

A

The activation and maturation of the B cell into a plasma cell

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10
Q

What does a plasma cell do?

A

Secretes soluble versions of its sIg (Ab)

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11
Q

Antibodies (ab) secreted by plasma cells can circulate in the blood for…

A

Years!

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12
Q

If antibodies secreted by the plasma cell bind to an antigen, what do they do?

A

They target it for destruction

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13
Q

What cells are responsible for creating antibodies?

A

B cells

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14
Q

B cell receptor is AKA…

A

Antibody

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15
Q

Plasma cells have to stay in the lymphoid tissue but…

A

Antibodies can go into blood and tissue

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16
Q

What cells are the “generals” of the immune response?

A

Helper T cells

17
Q

What cells are the big responders of Type I immunity?

A

T cells

18
Q

Helper T (Th) cells

A

Secretes cytokines that mediate local immune responses

19
Q

Cytotoxic T (Tc) cells

A

Physically interact with cells harboring a pathogen (such as a virus) and kills the cell

20
Q

What cells are the “special forces” of the immune response?

A

Cytotoxic T (Tc) cells

21
Q

Regulatory T (Treg) cells

A

Suppress inflammation as the immune response wanes

22
Q

In cellular (type I) immunity, what do Helper T cells do?

A

Stimulates Cytotoxic T cells and macrophages

23
Q

The first step in adaptive immunity is usually _______ and second is usually________

A

Recognizing the antigen

Cytokines from Helper T cells

24
Q

What are primary lymphoid organs?

A

Where immune cells develop from stem cells

25
Q

What organs are primary lymphoid organs?

A

Bone marrow

Thymus

26
Q

What are secondary lymphoid organs?

A

Where immune cells gather to coordinate their activities

27
Q

What organs are secondary lymphoid organs?

A

Lymph nodes
Spleen
Peyer’s patches (large intestine)
Many others

28
Q

T cells finish out maturation in the….

A

Thymus

29
Q

Antigen composition

A
  • Protein
  • Lipids linked to other macromolecules
  • Carbohydrates linked to other macromolecules
30
Q

A microbe usually has tens to thousands of ______ ______ or _____ that can be recognized by the immune system

A

Antigenic determinants

Epitopes

31
Q

What is the best type of antigen?

A

Protein because T cells can only recognize this kind (non-proteinaceous can have all the other cells responding to it but not T cells)

32
Q

Antibodies are ______ (what are they made up of)

A

Glycoproteins (carbohydrates and tetra peptides)

33
Q

The glycoprotein structure of antibodies have 2 ______ chains and 2 _____ chains

A

Heavy

Light

34
Q

Two regions of an antibody

A

Fab region

Fc region

35
Q

Fab region of an antibody

A

Antigen binding region (looks like a v)

36
Q

Fc region of an antibody

A

Bound by Fc receptors on phagocytes, determines biological function

37
Q

There are __ antibody classes based upon the __ chains

A

5

H

38
Q

H chains dictate..

A

An antibody’s biological function

39
Q

The 5 antibody classes

A 
IgG
IgM
IgE
IgA
IgD

BIO 251 (26 decks)

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