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BIO 251 > Chapter 19: Respiratory System Infections-Part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 19: Respiratory System Infections-Part 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Upper respiratory tract

A 
Mouth
Nose, nasal cavity
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx
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2
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

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3
Q

The respiratory tract is the most common…

A

Portal of entry for microbes

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4
Q

First line defenses of respiratory system

A

Nasal hairs

Cilia

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5
Q

Second line defenses of respiratory system

A

Macrophages

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6
Q

Third line defenses of respiratory system

A

Pathogen-specific secretory IgA

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7
Q

IgA is primarily fond in..

A

Mucosal regions of the body

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8
Q

Normal biota are mainly found in the _____ respiratory tract

A

Upper

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9
Q

Gram _______ bacteria are common in the normal biota of the respiratory tract

A

Positive

Streptococci and staphylococci

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10
Q

Pathogenic strains of bacteria are kept in check by..

A

Other non pathogenic strains

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11
Q

Candida albicans

A

(Yeast), colonizes the oral mucosa

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12
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis

A

Strep throat, on of most common diseases of URT

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13
Q

Symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis

A

Difficulty swallowing, fever, red throat with pus patches, enlarged and tender lymph nodes
(localized to neck)

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14
Q

Causative agent of streptococcal pharyngitis

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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15
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes characteristics

A

Gram positive
Coccus in chains
Beta hemolytic

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16
Q

Streptococcus progenies is commonly referred to as..

A

Group A streptococcus

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17
Q

Why is streptococcus progenies commonly referred to as group A streptococcus?

A

Due to group A carbohydrate in cell wall, basis for identification from other organisms

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18
Q

Pathogenesis of streptococcal pharyngitis is due to..

A

Numerous virulence factors

19
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis virulence factors

A

Streptolysin O and S
Protein G
More used in other diseases

20
Q

Streptolysin O and S

A

Cause hemolysis

21
Q

Protein G

A

Used to inactivate antibody

22
Q

Complications of streptococcal pharyngitis infection

sequella

A

Scarlet fever
Acute glomerulonephritis
Acute rheumatic fever

23
Q

Scarlet fever

A

Red rash and white coating on tongue

24
Q

Rheumatic fever

A

Ab-Ag complexes

25
Q

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

A

Super antigens cause cytokines and mass inflammatory response to occur

26
Q

Acute glomerulonephritis and others can have..

A

Production of antibodies that accidentally cross react with heart valves and leave you with an auto immune disease

27
Q

Rapid diagnostic tests (S pyognes)

A

On pharyngeal swab specimens

28
Q

How do the rapid diagnostic tests work?

A

Use antibodies to detect group A streptococci

Bind to group A carbohydrate

29
Q

Culturing

A

Of pharyngeal swab specimens

30
Q

How does culturing of streptococcus pyogenes work?

A
  • Plated on sheep blood agar
  • S pyogenes causes beta-hemolysis
  • Bacitracin disc test
31
Q

What must be distinguished with the S. progenies culture?

A

Distinguish from beta-hemolytic group B streptococci and enerococci

32
Q

Treatment for Strep

A

Penicillin as many group A streptococci resistant to erythromycin

33
Q

What should you use for patients with penicillin allergies?

A

First generation cephalosporin

34
Q

Prevention of strep

A

No vaccine

Hand washing

35
Q

Common cold symptoms

A 
Malaise
Mild sore throat
Runny nose
Cough and hoarseness
Nasal secretion
36
Q

Common cold symptoms disappear in about..

A

1 week

37
Q

Causative agent of common cold

A

30% - 50% caused by rhinoviruses

38
Q

Rhinoviruses refer to the..

A

Nose

39
Q

Characteristics of rhinoviruses

A

Non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA genome

40
Q

First step in common cold pathogenesis

A

Virus attaches to specific receptors on respiratory epithelial cells and multiply in cells

41
Q

What happens after viruses are released from infected cells in the common cold?

A

Injured cells cause inflammation which stimulates nasal secretion, sneezing and tissue swelling

42
Q

Common cold infection is halted by..

A

Inflammatory response, interferon release and immune response

43
Q

Common cold treatment

A

Supportive with OTC medications

BIO 251 (26 decks)

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