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Y12 AS Biology > Prokaryotic cells and viruses > Flashcards

Prokaryotic cells and viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What are prokaryotes?

A

Single-celled organisms

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2
Q

What is an example of a prokaryotic?

A

Bacteria

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3
Q

What is their cell-surface membrane made from?

A

Proteins and lipids

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4
Q

What is the function of a cell surface membrane?

A

to control the movement of substances in and out of the cell

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5
Q

What does the cell wall do?

A

Supports the cell

Prevents it from changing shape

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6
Q

What are the parts of a prokaryotic cell?

A 
Cytoplasm
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Capsule
Ribosomes
Plasmid
DNA
Flagellum
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7
Q

What is the flagellum?

A

long, tail-like structure

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8
Q

What is the function of the flagellum?

A

Rotate for movement of the cell

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9
Q

Where is the DNA found? Why?

A

Free in the cytoplasm

No nucleus

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10
Q

What is the capsule?

A

Protective slime layer

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11
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Small loops of DNA

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12
Q

What genes do plasmids contain?

A

Antibiotic resistance

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13
Q

What length are prokaryotic cells?

A

less than 2µm

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14
Q

What is the process called by which prokaryotic cells replicate?

A

Binary fission

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15
Q

What is step one in binary fission?

A

The circular DNA and plasmid replicate

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16
Q

In step one of binary fission, how many times is the DNA loop replicated?

17
Q

In step one of binary fission, how many times can the plasmid be replicated?

A

Lots of times

18
Q

What is step two of binary fission?

A

The cell gets bigger

The DNA loops move to opposite sides of the cell

19
Q

What is step 3 of binary fission?

A

The cytoplasm divides

New cell walls form

20
Q

What is the fourth step of binary fission?

A

Two daughter cells are produced

21
Q

In binary fission, what do each of the daughter cells have?

A

One copy of the circular DNA

22
Q

What are viruses?

23
Q

What are viruses consisted of?

A

Nucleic acids surrounded by protein

24
Q

Are viruses dead or alive?

25
Q

What are host cells?

A

The cells which viruses invade and reproduce inside of

26
Q

What is the first step of viral replication?

A

The virus attaches to host cell receptor proteins

27
Q

What is the second step of viral replication?

A

Genetic material is released into the host cell

28
Q

What is step 3 of viral replication?

A

Genetic material and proteins are replicated by host cell ‘machinery’

29
Q

What is the 4th step of viral replication?

A

Viral components assemble

30
Q

What is the fifth and final step of viral replication?

A

Replicated virus is released from host cell

31
Q

Give two ways in which prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA (2 marks)

A

1) Circular/non linear
2) No introns
3) Not associated with histones

Y12 AS Biology (57 decks)

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