Further Reading (essay)

Question 1

What is Patau’s syndrome (spindle fibres/movement/meiosis/mitosis)?

Answer 1

• Spindle fibre condition
• causes aneuploidy - abnormal amounts of chromosomes in daughter cells
• Extra genetic information in chromosome 13

Question 2

What is ATP synthase deficiency? (denaturation of enzymes)

Answer 2

ATP is unable to be broken down to release energy
Most individuals die within the first few months
Cellular respiration and active transport cant take place so the cells cant survive

Question 3

What is plasmodium falciparum? (antigenic variation)

Answer 3

human malaria parasite which has the ability to change its surface antigens and is controlled by epigenetics

Question 4

What are inferons? (HIV/viruses)

Answer 4

They are signalling proteins made and released by the host cell which can prevent viruses from replicating

Question 5

What are nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitors? (HIV)

Answer 5

They are drugs which block reverse transcriptase which means that HIV cant replicate

Question 6

How is an arctic fox adapted? (size and surface area)

Answer 6

Small ears
round head
Reduce its surface area:volume ratio and therefore reduce heat loss due to cold conditions

Question 7

How is the African bat eared fox adapted? (size and surface area)

Answer 7

Large ears and a more pointed nose to increase its surface area:volume ratio and to increase heat loss due to hot conditions

Question 8

Why is water polar? (oxygen)

Answer 8

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen
This means it has a stronger power to attract electrons and therefore becomes partially negative as hydrogen becomes partially positive

Question 9

What is the 5 carbon compound intermediate in the Krebs cycle called? (respiration)

Answer 9

Alpha-ketoglutamate

Question 10

What is gill hyperplasia? (fish)

Answer 10

Condition in fish
Fusion of gill lamellae
Reduces surface area, makes them thicker affects gas exchange