Eukaryotic cells and organelles Flashcards
What type of cells do single celled organisms have?
Prokaryotic
What organelles make up an animal cell?
Cell surface membrane Rough endoplasmic reticulum Nucleolus Nucleus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Lysosome Ribosome Golgi apparatus Cytoplasm Mitochondrion
Which extra organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?
Cellulose cell wall with plasmodesmata
Vacuole
Chloroplast
How do algae cells differ to plant cells?
They have the same organelles but some are different shapes and sizes
Which two types of cell can be both multi cellular and unicellular?
Algae
Fungal
What is a fungal cell’s cell wall made up of?
Chitin
What don’t fungal cells have that plant cells do? Why not?
Chloroplast
They don’t photosynthesise
What mainly is the cell surface membrane made up of?
Lipids and proteins
What is the function of the cell surface membrane?
Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell
What surrounds the nucleus?
Nuclear envelope
What does the nucleus contain?
Chromosomes
Nucleolus
What does the nucleus do?
Controls the cells activities by controlling transcription of DNA
What does the nucleolus make?
Ribosomes
How many membranes does the mitochondrion have?
Two (inner and outer)
What is the function of the mitochondrion?
Site of aerobic respiration
Where in the mitochondrion are the enzymes involved in respiration?
Matrix
What are the membranes inside the chloroplast called?
Thylakoid
What are grana? (chloroplast)
Stacked up membranes linked together by lamellae
What is the function of the chloroplast?
Site of photosynthesis
What is the stroma? (chloroplast)
Thick fluid
What are Golgi apparatus?
Fluid-filled membrane-bound flattened sacs
What is usually found at the edges of the sacs of Golgi apparatus?
Golgi vesicles
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Processes and packages new lipids and proteins
Makes lysosomes
What is the function of a Golgi vesicle?
Stores lipids and proteins made by the Golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell
What are lysosomes a type of?
Golgi vesicle
What digestive enzymes are inside lysosomes?
Lysozyme
Where in the cell can ribosomes be found?
Either floating in the cytoplasm or
attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
What are ribosomes made up of?
Proteins and RNA
What is the function of a ribosome?
Site of protein production
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space
Surface is covered in ribosomes (which is where the rough comes from)
What is the function of the RER?
Folds and processes proteins that have been made by the ribosomes
How is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum different to the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
There are no ribosomes
What does the SER do?
Synthesises and processes lipids
What is the cell wall?
A rigid structure that surrounds cells
In which organisms’ cells is a cell wall found?
Plants
Algae
Fungi
What is the job of the cell wall?
Supports cells and prevents them from changing shape
Where is a cell vacuole found?
Plants
Are cell vacuoles free to move or membrane-bound?
Membrane-bound
What is inside the cell vacuole?
Cell sap - weak solution of sugar and salt
What is the function of the cell vacuole?
Help maintain pressure inside the cell
Keep the plant rigid
