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Y12 AS Biology > Eukaryotic cells and organelles > Flashcards

Eukaryotic cells and organelles Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of cells do single celled organisms have?

A

Prokaryotic

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2
Q

What organelles make up an animal cell?

A 
Cell surface membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus
Nucleus 
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
Lysosome
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus 
Cytoplasm 
Mitochondrion
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3
Q

Which extra organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

A

Cellulose cell wall with plasmodesmata
Vacuole
Chloroplast

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4
Q

How do algae cells differ to plant cells?

A

They have the same organelles but some are different shapes and sizes

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5
Q

Which two types of cell can be both multi cellular and unicellular?

A

Algae

Fungal

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6
Q

What is a fungal cell’s cell wall made up of?

A

Chitin

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7
Q

What don’t fungal cells have that plant cells do? Why not?

A

Chloroplast

They don’t photosynthesise

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8
Q

What mainly is the cell surface membrane made up of?

A

Lipids and proteins

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9
Q

What is the function of the cell surface membrane?

A

Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

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10
Q

What surrounds the nucleus?

A

Nuclear envelope

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11
Q

What does the nucleus contain?

A

Chromosomes

Nucleolus

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12
Q

What does the nucleus do?

A

Controls the cells activities by controlling transcription of DNA

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13
Q

What does the nucleolus make?

A

Ribosomes

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14
Q

How many membranes does the mitochondrion have?

A

Two (inner and outer)

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15
Q

What is the function of the mitochondrion?

A

Site of aerobic respiration

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16
Q

Where in the mitochondrion are the enzymes involved in respiration?

A

Matrix

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17
Q

What are the membranes inside the chloroplast called?

A

Thylakoid

18
Q

What are grana? (chloroplast)

A

Stacked up membranes linked together by lamellae

19
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

Site of photosynthesis

20
Q

What is the stroma? (chloroplast)

A

Thick fluid

21
Q

What are Golgi apparatus?

A

Fluid-filled membrane-bound flattened sacs

22
Q

What is usually found at the edges of the sacs of Golgi apparatus?

A

Golgi vesicles

23
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

A

Processes and packages new lipids and proteins

Makes lysosomes

24
Q

What is the function of a Golgi vesicle?

A

Stores lipids and proteins made by the Golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell

25
Q

What are lysosomes a type of?

A

Golgi vesicle

26
Q

What digestive enzymes are inside lysosomes?

A

Lysozyme

27
Q

Where in the cell can ribosomes be found?

A

Either floating in the cytoplasm or

attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

28
Q

What are ribosomes made up of?

A

Proteins and RNA

29
Q

What is the function of a ribosome?

A

Site of protein production

30
Q

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space

Surface is covered in ribosomes (which is where the rough comes from)

31
Q

What is the function of the RER?

A

Folds and processes proteins that have been made by the ribosomes

32
Q

How is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum different to the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

There are no ribosomes

33
Q

What does the SER do?

A

Synthesises and processes lipids

34
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

A rigid structure that surrounds cells

35
Q

In which organisms’ cells is a cell wall found?

A

Plants
Algae
Fungi

36
Q

What is the job of the cell wall?

A

Supports cells and prevents them from changing shape

37
Q

Where is a cell vacuole found?

A

Plants

38
Q

Are cell vacuoles free to move or membrane-bound?

A

Membrane-bound

39
Q

What is inside the cell vacuole?

A

Cell sap - weak solution of sugar and salt

40
Q

What is the function of the cell vacuole?

A

Help maintain pressure inside the cell

Keep the plant rigid

Y12 AS Biology (57 decks)

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