Enzymes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What are enzymes?

A

proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do enzymes cataylse?

A

metabolic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do enzymes act as?

A

biological catalysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two types of enzyme action?

A

Intracellular

Extracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What structure do enzymes have?

A

tertiary structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is activation energy?

A

The amount of energy that the chemicals need for the reaction to start

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do enzymes do to the activation energy?

In consequence, what does this do to the rate of reaction?

A

Lower activation energy

increases rate of reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two ways which an enzyme-substrate complex forming lowers the activation energy?

A

1) Being attached to the enzyme holds the two molecules close together which reduces any repulsion between the molecules which means they can bond more easily
2) Fitting into the active site puts a strain on bonds in the substrate, so the substrate molecule breaks up more easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance which speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up or changed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the lock and key model?

A

The active site of the enzyme and the substrate have a complimentary shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the ‘induced fit’ model?

A

The shape of the active site changes to fit the substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why can enzymes only bond to one substrate?

A

The substrate has to be both the right shape to fit the active site and make the active site change in the right way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What determines an enzymes active site?

A

Their tertiary structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When will the shape of the active site be changed?

A

If the tertiary structure of a protein is altered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What may cause the tertiary structure to be altered?

A

changes in pH or temperature

mutation in the gene which makes determines the primary structure of a protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly