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Y12 AS Biology > DNA replication > Flashcards

DNA replication Flashcards

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1
Q

Why does DNA replicate?

A

So that each cell has the full amount of DNA

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2
Q

What does semi-conservative replication produce?

A

A new DNA molecule which is half made up of the original DNA strand

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3
Q

What enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between the bases?

A

DNA helicase

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4
Q

What direction is the DNA made?

A

5’ to 3’

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5
Q

What direction is the DNA read?

A

3’ to 5’

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6
Q

What is formed after the helicase enzymes work?

A

A replication fork

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7
Q

How is a template for new DNA created?

A

The helix unwinding when the hydrogen bonds are broken

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8
Q

What are the two strands called that are formed?

A

Leading strand

Lagging strand

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9
Q

What do primase enzymes do?

A

They add a primer

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10
Q

What strand do primase enzymes add RNA nucleotides to?

A

Leading strand

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11
Q

What enzyme adds DNA nucleotides to the leading strand after the RNA nucleotides have been added?

A

DNA polymerase

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12
Q

What bond is formed when the DNA nucleotides are added?

A

Phosphodiester

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13
Q

How does the RNA have to be added onto the lagging strand?

A

In fragments

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14
Q

What are the gaps called when the RNA is added onto the lagging strand?

A

Okazaki fragments

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15
Q

What enzyme fills in the Okazaki fragments and what with?

A

DNA polymerase

DNA nucleotides

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16
Q

What enzyme removes the RNA?

A

exonuclease

17
Q

What enzyme fills in all of the gaps to complete the lagging strand?

A

DNA polymerase

18
Q

What enzyme binds the two strands together?

A

DNA ligase

19
Q

Why can nucleotides only be added in a 5’ to 3’ direction? (4 marks)

A

1) DNA polymerase
2) Complimentary to the 3’ end of the strand
3) The active site of the enzyme only fits
4) when the DNA nucleotides are being added 5’ to 3’ direction

20
Q

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

A

Adds free DNA nucleotides to the complimentary exposed bases on the template strand

Y12 AS Biology (57 decks)

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