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Y12 AS Biology > Cell membranes - basics > Flashcards

Cell membranes - basics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a cell surface membrane?

A

A barrier between the cell and its environment, controlling which substances enter and leave the cell

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2
Q

The cell membrane lets some molecules in but not others, what is this feature called?

A

Partially permeable

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3
Q

What three ways do substances move across across a cell surface membrane?

A

Osmosis
Diffusion
Active transport

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4
Q

What three things is the cell membrane made up of?

A

Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates

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5
Q

What types of protein are found on the cell membrane?

A

Channel
Carrier
Receptor
Glycoproteins

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6
Q

What do receptor proteins allow?

A

The cell to detect chemicals released from other cells

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7
Q

What are glycoproteins?

A

Proteins with a carbohydrate attached

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8
Q

What are glycolipids?

A

Lipids with a carbohydrate attached

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9
Q

Which proteins go all the way through the cell membrane bilayer?

A

Channel proteins

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10
Q

What do phospholipids form?

A

A barrier to dissolved substances

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11
Q

Is a phospholipid head hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

Hydrophilic

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12
Q

Is the phospholipid tail hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

Hydrophobic

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13
Q

Does the head or the tail face outwards on a phospholipid bilayer?

A

Head

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14
Q

What type of substances can diffuse through a phospholipid bilayer?

A

Small, non-polar substances

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15
Q

How does having cholesterol in the cell membrane benefit the cell?

A

It gives it stability

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16
Q

Which cells do cholesterol benefit?

A

Animal cells - no cell wall

Cells that aren’t supported by others eg red blood cells

17
Q

How does cholesterol create a further barrier for polar substances moving through the membrane?

A

It has hydrophobic regions

18
Q

What is the permeability of the membrane like at temperatures below 0 degrees? Why?

A

High

Channel and carrier proteins denature

19
Q

What is the permeability of the membrane like at temperatures between 0 and 45 degrees?

A

Partially permeable

20
Q

What is the permeability of the membrane like at temperatures above 45 degrees? Why?

A

High
Bilayer breaks down
Channel and carrier proteins denature

Y12 AS Biology (57 decks)

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