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Y12 AS Biology > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

What are lipids commonly known as?

A

Fats and oils

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2
Q

What are lipids made from?

A

A variety of components but they ALL contain hydrocarbons

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3
Q

What are the two types of lipids?

A

Triglycerides

Phospholipids

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4
Q

What makes up a trigylceride?

A

Three fatty acids

One glycerol molecule

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5
Q

Are the fatty acid tails in triglycerides hydrophobic or hydrophillic?

A

Hydrophobic

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6
Q

Are lipids soluble or insoluble in water? Why?

A

Insoluble

Hydrocarbon tails are hydrophobic

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7
Q

What makes up a fatty acid?

A

A carbon atom

Variable ‘R’ group hydrocarbon tail

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8
Q

What are the two types of fatty acids?

A

Saturated

Unsaturated

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9
Q

Whats the difference between saturated and unsaturated?

A

Saturated=Single bonds

Unsaturated=doUble bonds

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10
Q

What do the double bonds in unsaturated fats cause the chain to do?

A

kink

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11
Q

Through what reaction are triglycerides formed?

A

Condensation

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12
Q

What type of bond forms between the fatty acid and glycerol molecule?

A

Ester bond

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13
Q

How many times does the reaction take place to form a triglyceride?

A

3

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14
Q

Where are phospholipids found?

A

Cell membranes

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15
Q

What components make up a phosphoplipids?

A

one glycerol molecule
one phosphate group
two fatty acids

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16
Q

Is the phosphate group hydrophobic or hydrophillic?

A

hydrophillic

17
Q

What are triglycerides used as? Why are they good for this job?

A

energy storage molecules

the long hydrocarbon tails contain lots of chemical energy

18
Q

How does a triglyceride being insoluble benefit them for storage?

A

They dont affect water potential of cells so they dont cause the cell to swell up

19
Q

What do phospholipids make up?

A

the bilayer of cell membranes

20
Q

Do phospholipid heads face away or towards the water?

A

Towards the water

21
Q

What do phospholipids heads do?

A

make it difficult for water soluble substances to pass through the cell membrane

22
Q

Describe the test for lipids.

A 
EMULSION TEST
1) add ethanol to the substance 
2) shake
3) add to water 
positive test = milky colour

Y12 AS Biology (57 decks)

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