Prokaryotic Cells (3.1) Flashcards
State the differences between the two categories of cell: eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell
-DNA in eukaryotes is contained within a nucleus, whereas DNA in prokaryotes floats in the nucleus.
-Eukaryotes are much larger cells than prokaryotes and are much more complex
-Eukaryotes contain membrane bound organelles, but in prokaryotes no membrane bound organelles are present.
peptidoglycan cell wall, capsule, plasmid, flagellum, pili, ribosomes, mesosomes and circular DNA
PEPTIDOGLYCAN CELL WALL: this is a bacterial cell envelope that prevents the cell from bursting and helps it maintain shape.
CAPSULE: a mucous like substance that protects the bacteria from viruses, the host’s immune system and prevents the cell from desecrating.
FLAGELLUM: enable the cell to move around in liquids and on surfaces and is where chemotaxis happens
PILI: can act as receptors for bacteriophage and facilitate DNA uptake and conjugation (transfer)
RIBOSOMES: where protein synthesis occurs
MESOSOMES: the site of aerobic respiration for prokaryotes
CIRCULAR DNA: provide the bacteria with genetic advantages, such as antibiotic resistance
PLASMIDS: act as delivery vehicles, or vectors, to introduce foreign DNA into bacteria.
