Energy Budget And BMI (1.11 & 1.16)

Question 1

Explain what is meant by the term ‘energy budget’?

Answer 1

A specification of the uptake of energy through the environment against the use of this energy for various purposes

Question 2

Describe the consequences of a lifestyle where there is an imbalance between energy input and output

Answer 2

When there is an increase in energy input without an increase in output weight will be gained. If there is an increase in output and no increase to input, weight will be lost.

Question 3

Give the formula for BMI

Answer 3

BMI = weight(kg) / height (m)^2

Question 4

Give the formula for waist-to-hip ratio

Answer 4

Waist circumference / hip circumference

Question 5

Explain why waist-to-hip ratio is a better measure of obesity and heart disease risk

Answer 5

WHR only measures abdominal fat distribution, unlike BMI which could be affected by other factors like muscle and bone density. This further allows us to identify heart disease risk as this abdominal obesity involves visceral fat which can surround organs and lead to high cholesterol.

Question 6

Explain why obesity increases the risk of CVD

Answer 6

Having excess weight due to obesity heightens the risk of a build up of fatty materials and deposits in the arteries. This will further lead to high blood pressure damaging the arteries further leading to atherosclerosis or other CVDs