CF (2.14)

Question 1

Explain the role of the CFTR protein

Answer 1

helps to maintain the balance of salt and water on many surfaces in the body, such as the surface of the lung.

Question 2

Explain how a faulty CFTR protein results in thicker, stickier mucus in CF sufferers

Answer 2

When the protein is not working correctly, chloride — a component of salt — becomes trapped in cells. Without the proper movement of chloride, water cannot hydrate the cellular surface. This leads the mucus covering the cells to become thick and sticky, causing many of the symptoms associated with cystic fibrosis.

Question 3

Explain the effects of CF on the respiratory system

Answer 3

Mucus becomes thick and viscous which makes it harder for the cilia to move it. This further leads to microorganisms building up in the lungs leading to illness and a build up of mucus in the airways also affecting the rate of gaseous exchange

Question 4

Explain the effects of CF on the reproductive system, incl. both males and females

Answer 4

CF leads to infertility, but only in males. This is because it blocks the gas deferens and prevents sperm from being expelled. However, in females CF leads to a build up in mucus in the cervix duct.

Question 5

Explain the effects of CF on the digestive system

Answer 5

CF results in a build up of mucus in the pancreatic duct meaning enzymes cannot leave. This means these enzymes will break down the pancreas leaving hard cysts in the pancreas.