Performance Enhancers (7.14)

Question 1

Describe keyhole surgery

Answer 1

The surgeon will make a small cut, usually near your belly button.
Air is pumped into your tummy through the cut so the surgeon can see inside your tummy more easily.
A thin, flexible tube with a camera inside (a laparoscope) is then put into the cut so video images of the inside of your tummy can be shown on a screen.
If you’re having surgery, more small cuts may need to be made in your tummy for the surgeon to pass their tools through.
When it’s finished, the air is let out of your tummy and the cuts are closed with stitches or clips, and a dressing is placed on top.

Question 2

Why is keyhole surgery beneficial for the patient

Answer 2

Smaller incisions cause less pain and bleeding, and they heal faster, leading to shortened recovery times following keyhole surgery.

In addition, the resulting scarring is smaller and less pronounced than it is after open surgery.

Open surgery can also cause adhesions, or bands of scar tissue, which can lead to problems with internal organs. The risk of this occurring due to keyhole surgery is much lower.

Question 3

Ethical arguments for using performance enhancing drugs

Answer 3

• Makes the sport more enjoyable to watch improving viewing experience
• ## have a duty to be the best for sponsors

Question 4

Ethical arguments against taking performance enhancing drugs

Answer 4

Creates unfair playing conditions
Athletes may have different views of a virtuous life