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Biology + Microbiology > Prokaryotic Cells > Flashcards

Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the components of a bacteria cell?

A

Capsule
Cell wall
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Plasmid
Pili
flagellum
Nucleoid

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2
Q

Does bacteria have their own genomes?

A

Yes

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3
Q

The more complex an organism, the more … it has

A

DNA

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4
Q

What is the genome?

A

The blueprint for each life form
Codes for everything like metabolism, toxins and survival

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5
Q

Where is bacterial DNA located?

A

Free in the cytoplasm

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6
Q

What is the structure of bacterial DNA?

A

Double stranded
It is the chromosome

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7
Q

Where can mobile genetic elements of plasmid DNA be passed between?

A

The bacteria of the same and different species

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8
Q

What does problematic plasmid DNA carry?

A

Antibiotic resistant genes and spread resistance amongst other bacteria

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9
Q

What can problematic plasmid DNA be used for?

A

Genetic engineering biotechnology

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10
Q

Where are ribosomes shared between?

A

Eukaryotes and prokaryotes

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11
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Protein synthesis factories
Translate the DNA code into proteins which can then function in the cell

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12
Q

What is the size of ribosomes?

A

70s

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13
Q

What subunits can ribosomes be made up of?

A

50s - large subunit
30s - small subunit

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14
Q

what are the two catagories that bacterial cell membranes group bacteria into?

A

Gram positive and gram negative

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15
Q

What is gram staining

A

A technique that allows to view bacteria down a microscope and identify then by the cell wall structure

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16
Q

What does it mean to be gram positive?

A

Onle lipid bilayer
Thick peptidoglycal layer

17
Q

What does it mean to be gram negative?

A

Two lipid bilayers
Thin peptidoglycan layer inside the two bilayers

18
Q

What do the different colour mean?

A

Gram negative turns pink
Gram positive turns purple

19
Q

What is the structure of a capsule?

A

Water and sugar
Polysaccharide

20
Q

Where is the capsule located?

A

Covers the outside of the plasma membrane
Outer surface of the cell

21
Q

how is the capsule protective?

A

Hides the bacterial surface from the immune system in some bacteria that cause disease

22
Q

What are the hair like projections from the surface celled?

A

Pili and fimbriae

23
Q

What is the size difference of the pili and fimbriae?

A

Pili - shorter
Fimbriae - longer

24
Q

What is the function of the hairlike projections?

A

Allow bacteria to stick to surfaces
Help with establishing infection

25
Q

What is the function of the flagella

A

Allows some bacteria to move

26
Q

What does the rotational motor allows the structure to do?

A

Allows the structure to rotate in different directions

27
Q

how is the direction of rotation changed?

A

The sensing of chemical signals allowing the bacteria to swim directly towareds sources of nutrients

28
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

Bacteria and archaea
DNA free in cytoplasm
No membrane bound organelles

29
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

Have a true nuclei DNA
Include membrane bound organelles

Biology + Microbiology (18 decks)

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