Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
What are the components of a bacteria cell?
Capsule
Cell wall
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Plasmid
Pili
flagellum
Nucleoid
Does bacteria have their own genomes?
Yes
The more complex an organism, the more … it has
DNA
What is the genome?
The blueprint for each life form
Codes for everything like metabolism, toxins and survival
Where is bacterial DNA located?
Free in the cytoplasm
What is the structure of bacterial DNA?
Double stranded
It is the chromosome
Where can mobile genetic elements of plasmid DNA be passed between?
The bacteria of the same and different species
What does problematic plasmid DNA carry?
Antibiotic resistant genes and spread resistance amongst other bacteria
What can problematic plasmid DNA be used for?
Genetic engineering biotechnology
Where are ribosomes shared between?
Eukaryotes and prokaryotes
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis factories
Translate the DNA code into proteins which can then function in the cell
What is the size of ribosomes?
70s
What subunits can ribosomes be made up of?
50s - large subunit
30s - small subunit
what are the two catagories that bacterial cell membranes group bacteria into?
Gram positive and gram negative
What is gram staining
A technique that allows to view bacteria down a microscope and identify then by the cell wall structure
What does it mean to be gram positive?
Onle lipid bilayer
Thick peptidoglycal layer
What does it mean to be gram negative?
Two lipid bilayers
Thin peptidoglycan layer inside the two bilayers
What do the different colour mean?
Gram negative turns pink
Gram positive turns purple
What is the structure of a capsule?
Water and sugar
Polysaccharide
Where is the capsule located?
Covers the outside of the plasma membrane
Outer surface of the cell
how is the capsule protective?
Hides the bacterial surface from the immune system in some bacteria that cause disease
What are the hair like projections from the surface celled?
Pili and fimbriae
What is the size difference of the pili and fimbriae?
Pili - shorter
Fimbriae - longer
What is the function of the hairlike projections?
Allow bacteria to stick to surfaces
Help with establishing infection
What is the function of the flagella
Allows some bacteria to move
What does the rotational motor allows the structure to do?
Allows the structure to rotate in different directions
how is the direction of rotation changed?
The sensing of chemical signals allowing the bacteria to swim directly towareds sources of nutrients
What is a prokaryote?
Bacteria and archaea
DNA free in cytoplasm
No membrane bound organelles
What is a eukaryote?
Have a true nuclei DNA
Include membrane bound organelles
