Prokaryotic Cells

Question 1

What are the components of a bacteria cell?

Answer 1

Capsule
Cell wall
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Plasmid
Pili
flagellum
Nucleoid

Question 2

Does bacteria have their own genomes?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

The more complex an organism, the more … it has

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

What is the genome?

Answer 4

The blueprint for each life form
Codes for everything like metabolism, toxins and survival

Question 5

Where is bacterial DNA located?

Answer 5

Free in the cytoplasm

Question 6

What is the structure of bacterial DNA?

Answer 6

Double stranded
It is the chromosome

Question 7

Where can mobile genetic elements of plasmid DNA be passed between?

Answer 7

The bacteria of the same and different species

Question 8

What does problematic plasmid DNA carry?

Answer 8

Antibiotic resistant genes and spread resistance amongst other bacteria

Question 9

What can problematic plasmid DNA be used for?

Answer 9

Genetic engineering biotechnology

Question 10

Where are ribosomes shared between?

Answer 10

Eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Question 11

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 11

Protein synthesis factories
Translate the DNA code into proteins which can then function in the cell

Question 12

What is the size of ribosomes?

Answer 12

70s

Question 13

What subunits can ribosomes be made up of?

Answer 13

50s - large subunit
30s - small subunit

Question 14

what are the two catagories that bacterial cell membranes group bacteria into?

Answer 14

Gram positive and gram negative

Question 15

What is gram staining

Answer 15

A technique that allows to view bacteria down a microscope and identify then by the cell wall structure

Question 16

What does it mean to be gram positive?

Answer 16

Onle lipid bilayer
Thick peptidoglycal layer

Question 17

What does it mean to be gram negative?

Answer 17

Two lipid bilayers
Thin peptidoglycan layer inside the two bilayers

Question 18

What do the different colour mean?

Answer 18

Gram negative turns pink
Gram positive turns purple

Question 19

What is the structure of a capsule?

Answer 19

Water and sugar
Polysaccharide

Question 20

Where is the capsule located?

Answer 20

Covers the outside of the plasma membrane
Outer surface of the cell

Question 21

how is the capsule protective?

Answer 21

Hides the bacterial surface from the immune system in some bacteria that cause disease

Question 22

What are the hair like projections from the surface celled?

Answer 22

Pili and fimbriae

Question 23

What is the size difference of the pili and fimbriae?

Answer 23

Pili - shorter
Fimbriae - longer

Question 24

What is the function of the hairlike projections?

Answer 24

Allow bacteria to stick to surfaces
Help with establishing infection

Question 25

What is the function of the flagella

Answer 25

Allows some bacteria to move

Question 26

What does the rotational motor allows the structure to do?

Answer 26

Allows the structure to rotate in different directions

Question 27

how is the direction of rotation changed?

Answer 27

The sensing of chemical signals allowing the bacteria to swim directly towareds sources of nutrients

Question 28

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 28

Bacteria and archaea DNA free in cytoplasm No membrane bound organelles

Question 29

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 29

Have a true nuclei DNA Include membrane bound organelles