Microbial Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The breakdown or biosynthesises metabolites

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2
Q

What are metabolites?

A

Products of metabolism

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3
Q

Do different microbes have different requirements?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Are microunites required in large amounts?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Are microunits small amounts?

A

Yes

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6
Q

What are macrounits?

A

A handful of chemical elements
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and selenium

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7
Q

How much of a cell is dry weight?

A

50%

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8
Q

What are macromolecules made up of?

A

Macronutrients

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9
Q

How much of wet weight are macromolecules made up of?

A

75%

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10
Q

The remainding 25% of weight for macromolecules is made up of what?

A

Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and polysaccharides

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11
Q

What are the building blocks of macromolecules?

A

Amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids and sugars

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12
Q

How mcuh % is carbon in a cells dry weight?

A

50%

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13
Q

Where is carbon obtained?

A

The breakdown of polymeric substances or direct up take of building blocks

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14
Q

What are autotrophs?

A

Can make their own food
Can synthesize organic compunds directly from carbon dioxide

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15
Q

What is nitrogen available as?

A

Ammonia (NH3)
Nitrogen gas (N2)

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16
Q

Can all microorganisms use ammonia?

17
Q

What bacteria can use nitrigen gas directly?

A

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

18
Q

What proucts are from H2O?

A

Hydrogen and Oxygen

19
Q

Does active transport require energy?

20
Q

Do solutes move with or againts the concentration gradient?

A

Against the concentration gradient?

21
Q

Why do soluted move against the concentration geadient?

A

Simple transport
Group translocation
ABC transport systems

22
Q

What does transmembrane proteins do?

A

Allow nutrients to enter through the central pore

23
Q

Do microbes have a diverse range of possible enery options?

24
Q

What is an energy yielding reactions?

A

Catabolism

25
What are chemotrophs?
Organisms that obtain energy through inorganic or organic chemicals
26
What are organic chemicals?
Chemoorganotrophs Glucose by E.coli converted into energy rich bonds of ATP
27
What are inorganic chemicals?
Chemolothotrophs Sulphur metaboliding bacteria, the iron metabolising bacteria and the nitrifying bacteria
28
What are phototrophs?
Contain chlorophylls and other pigments Convert light energy to ATP
29
Do phototrophs require chemicals as a curce of energy?
No
30
What are heterotrophs?
Cell carbon obtained from an organic compound
31
What are autotrophs?
Used in carbon dioxide Most are chemolithotrophs and phototrophs
32
What are autotrophs also known as?
Primary producers
33
What do autotrophs synthesise?
Organic material from inorganic carbon
34
What is the calvin cycle?
The major biochemical pathway to incorporate CO2 into cell material Which can be accessed by heterotrophs