Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
What are the components of a eukaryotic cell?
Golgi body
Lysosome
Mitochondrion
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
What are the similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
DNA
Ribosomes
CYtoplasm
Cell membranes
What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
Membrane bound organelles
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Harbours organelles
A safe space for the movement of signals and communication
What organelles do cytoplassms harbour?
Both membranous and non-membranous
What is the cytoskeleton?
Scaffolding and highways
Why is the cytoskeleton important?
The structural integrity of eukaryotic cells
Maintain their shape
Vital during cell division
Important in intra cellular transport
What is the function of ribosomes?
Translation machinery
Read mRNA
Building proteins
Adding one amino acid at a time
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Secretion
Transport
What is the function of the endoplasmin reticulum?
Protein and lipid synthesis
What is the funtion of the lysosome?
Digestive enzymes
Waste removal
Where is the nucleus located?
In the center of the cell
Does the nucleus have a single mebrane?
No it has a double membrane
What is the function of the nucleolus?
makes ribosomal RNA
Combines it with proteins to form incomplete ribosomes
What is the purpose of the endomembrane system?
Works together to create, modify and export cell products like proteins and lipids
What is the endomembrane system composed of?
Nuclear envelope
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi apparatus
Several types of vesicles and lysosomes
Why is the rough ER rough?
It is lined with ribosomes
Why is the rough ER folded?
To increase surface areaq
What does the rough ER do?
Chemically modifies proteins
protein production
Protein folding
Quality control
Dispatch
What is the function of the Smooth ER?
The production and metabolism of fats and steroid hormones
Why is the smooth ER also folded?
To increase surface area
What is transported through the golgi aparatus?
Lipids
Why is the smooth ER smooth?
It is not studded with ribosomes
Where are the ribosomes transported?
In vesicles to the golgi apparatus
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Modify, sort and package proteins for secretions
Transport of lipids around the cell
What are lysosomes?
Hydrolytic enzymes
What do lysosomes fuse with?
Incoming vesicles
What do lysosomes do?
Break down the vesicle to then break down the bacterial wall within it and protect the cell from infection
What are the broken down product used for?
They are recycled and used as nutrients for the cell
What are peroxisomes filled with?
Digestive enzymes
peroxidase
What so peroxisomes do?
Remove toxic lipids
Convert peroxide H2O2 to water and water to oxygen
What is eukaryotics main energy in the cell?
ATP
What does ATP do?
Maintains a consistent supply
Does mitochondrion have its own genome?
Yes
Is mitochondion a prt of the endomembrane system and is it membrane boud?
Not membrane bound and is not a part of the endomembrane system
What is mitochondrions main role?
To synthsise ATP
What occurs in mitochondria?
Cellular respirationW
hat does mitochondria consist of?
Outer membrane
Inner membrane which is folded
Matrix
A small peice of mitochondrial DNA
What does ATP covert to?
ADP
What are chloroplasts?
Bacteria derived organelle
What was mitochonrias role before producing energy for plants
A free living bacteria that could photosynthesise
What membranes to chloroplasts have?
An outer and inner membrane
