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Biology + Microbiology > Eukaryotic Cells > Flashcards

Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the components of a eukaryotic cell?

A

Golgi body
Lysosome
Mitochondrion
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum

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2
Q

What are the similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

DNA
Ribosomes
CYtoplasm
Cell membranes

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3
Q

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Nucleus
Membrane bound organelles

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4
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

Harbours organelles
A safe space for the movement of signals and communication

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5
Q

What organelles do cytoplassms harbour?

A

Both membranous and non-membranous

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6
Q

What is the cytoskeleton?

A

Scaffolding and highways

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7
Q

What is the cytoskeleton important?

A

The structural integrity of eukaryotic cells
Maintain their shape
Vital during cell division
Important in intra cellular transport

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8
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Translation machinery
Read mRNA
Building proteins
Adding one amino acid at a time

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9
Q

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

A

Secretion
Transport

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10
Q

What is the function of the endoplasmin reticulum?

A

Protein and lipid synthesis

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11
Q

What is the funtion of the lysosome?

A

Digestive enzymes
Waste removal

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12
Q

Where is the nucleus located?

A

In the center of the cell

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13
Q

Does the nucleus have a single mebrane?

A

No it has a double membrane

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14
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

makes ribosomal RNA
Combines it with proteins to form incomplete ribosomes

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the endomembrane system?

A

Works together to create, modify and export cell products like proteins and lipids

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16
Q

What is the endomembrane system composed of?

A

Nuclear envelope
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi apparatus
Several types of vesicles and lysosomes

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17
Q

Why is the rough ER rough?

A

It is lined with ribosomes

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18
Q

Why is the rough ER folded?

A

To increase surface areaq

19
Q

What does the rough ER do?

A

Chemically modifies proteins
protein production
Protein folding
Quality control
Dispatch

20
Q

What is the function of the Smooth ER?

A

The production and metabolism of fats and steroid hormones

21
Q

Why is the smooth ER also folded?

A

To increase surface area

22
Q

What is transported through the golgi aparatus?

A

Lipids

23
Q

Why is the smooth ER smooth?

A

It is not studded with ribosomes

24
Q

Where are the ribosomes transported?

A

In vesicles to the golgi apparatus

25
Q

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

A

Modify, sort and package proteins for secretions
Transport of lipids around the cell

26
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Hydrolytic enzymes

27
Q

What do lysosomes fuse with?

A

Incoming vesicles

28
Q

What do lysosomes do?

A

Break down the vesicle to then break down the bacterial wall within it and protect the cell from infection

29
Q

What are the broken down product used for?

A

They are recycled and used as nutrients for the cell

30
Q

What are peroxisomes filled with?

A

Digestive enzymes
peroxidase

31
Q

What so peroxisomes do?

A

Remove toxic lipids
Convert peroxide H2O2 to water and water to oxygen

32
Q

What is eukaryotics main energy in the cell?

A

ATP

33
Q

What does ATP do?

A

Maintains a consistent supply

34
Q

Does mitochondrion have its own genome?

A

Yes

35
Q

Is mitochondion a prt of the endomembrane system and is it membrane boud?

A

Not membrane bound and is not a part of the endomembrane system

36
Q

What is mitochondrions main role?

A

To synthsise ATP

37
Q

What occurs in mitochondria?

A

Cellular respirationW

38
Q

hat does mitochondria consist of?

A

Outer membrane
Inner membrane which is folded
Matrix
A small peice of mitochondrial DNA

39
Q

What does ATP covert to?

A

ADP

40
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

Bacteria derived organelle

41
Q

What was mitochonrias role before producing energy for plants

A

A free living bacteria that could photosynthesise

42
Q

What membranes to chloroplasts have?

A

An outer and inner membrane

43
Q
A

Biology + Microbiology (18 decks)

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