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Biology + Microbiology > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a lipid?

A

A carbon-containing compound found in organisms
Largely nonpolar and hydrophobic

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2
Q

Do lipids dissolve in water?

A

Lipids do not dissolve easity in water

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3
Q

Lipids are hydrocarbons- What does this mean?

A

They only contain hydrogen and carbon

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4
Q

Lipids are nonpolar molecules which means their ends are …?

A

Not charged

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5
Q

Why are lipids not soluble in water?

A

They are nonpolar and water is polar meaning that they do not share or bond electrons

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6
Q

Fatty acids are the tails of lipids. What is a fatty acid?

A

Long hydrocarbon chains that end with a carboxyl (-COOH) group

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7
Q

What is the general formula?

A

H3C-(CH)n-COOH

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8
Q

What do unsaturated fatty acids contain?

A

One or more double bond

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9
Q

Do unsaturated fatty acids have a high or low melting point?

A

Low melting point

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10
Q

Are state is staurated fatty acids of less than 10 carbons at in room temperature?

A

Liquid

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11
Q

Are sturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature?

A

Yes

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12
Q

What does cis mean?

A

The hydrogens either side of the double bond may be on the same side

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13
Q

What dies trans mean?

A

The hydrogens either side of the double bond may be on the opposite side of the double bond

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14
Q

Do the most naturally occuring unsaturated fatty acid contain cis or trans configuration?

A

Cis

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15
Q

Are trans fats rare?

A

Yes

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16
Q

How are trans fats made?

A

From cis-unsaturated fats in an industria; process called hydrogentaion

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17
Q

What bonds are converted in hydrogenation?

A

Double bonds are converted into single bonds
Cis bonds are conerted into a trans formation

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18
Q

Nucleotides, lipids and carbohydrates are defined by what proterty?

A

Physical property

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19
Q

What are the three most important types of lipids found in cells?

A

Steroids, phospholipids and fats

20
Q

What is an example of a steroid?

A

Cholesterol

21
Q

How are steroids distinguished?

A

Bt the four-ring structure

22
Q

How do steriods differ?

A

By functional group or side groups attached to these rings

23
Q

Why is cholesterol an important component of plasma membranes?

A

Provides stability in membranes

24
Q

What are steroids used for?

A

A starting point for the synthesis of hormones
- Oestrogen
- Progesterone
- Testosterone

25
Q

What does a phospholipid consist of?

A

Three carbon molecules called glycerol

26
Q

Where are phospholipids containing fatty acid chains found?

A

In the domains bacteria and eukarya

27
Q

How many fatty acid chains are linked to a single glycerole molecule?

A

Three

28
Q

What reaction happens for fatty acids and phospholipids to form?

A

Condensation reaction

29
Q

Where does the condensation reaction occur in fats and phospholipids?

A

Between the hydroxyl group of glycerol and the carbonyl group of fatty acid

30
Q

How does glycerol and fatty acids become joined?

A

Ester linkage

31
Q

Are phospholipids and fats polymers?

A

No

32
Q

Are fatty acids monomers?

A

No

33
Q

Do membrane lipids have a hydrophobic, polar region?

A

Yes

34
Q

Does the tails or head of the membrane lipids react when in water solution?

A

The heads are polar so they are hydrophilic and interact with water
The tails are non polar so they are hydrophobic and do not interact with water

35
Q

What is the term for compounds that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements?

A

Amphipathis

36
Q

Do phospholipids dissolve when placed in water?

A

No

37
Q

Do the heads or tails react with the water?

A

Heads

38
Q

What are the two types of structures that phospholipids spontaniously form when in water?

A

Micelles and bilayers

39
Q

What does it mean when a structure forms independently?

A

There is no energy input required

40
Q

How are micelles formed?

A

When hydrophilic heads face the water and hydrophobic tails are forced together away from the water

41
Q

When are lipid bilayers formed?

A

When two sheets of lipids align with hydrophilic heads facting the solution and hydrophobic tails facing one another inside the bilayer

42
Q

Are the tails long or short in micelles?

A

Short

43
Q

Are the tails long or short in lipid bilayers?

A

Long

44
Q

What happens when the spotaneous formation of lipid bilayers and sealed compartments?

A

They capture other chemicals within

45
Q

What are fats based ion?

A

Fatty acids

46
Q

How are fatty acids classified?

A

the chain length and number of double bonds

47
Q

What does chin length determine?

A

Melting and boiling points

Biology + Microbiology (18 decks)

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