Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What is a lipid?

A

A carbon-containing compound found in organisms
Largely nonpolar and hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do lipids dissolve in water?

A

Lipids do not dissolve easity in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lipids are hydrocarbons- What does this mean?

A

They only contain hydrogen and carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lipids are nonpolar molecules which means their ends are …?

A

Not charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why are lipids not soluble in water?

A

They are nonpolar and water is polar meaning that they do not share or bond electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fatty acids are the tails of lipids. What is a fatty acid?

A

Long hydrocarbon chains that end with a carboxyl (-COOH) group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the general formula?

A

H3C-(CH)n-COOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do unsaturated fatty acids contain?

A

One or more double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Do unsaturated fatty acids have a high or low melting point?

A

Low melting point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What state is staurated fatty acids of less than 10 carbons at in room temperature?

A

Liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Are sturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does cis mean?

A

The hydrogens either side of the double bond may be on the same side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What dies trans mean?

A

The hydrogens either side of the double bond may be on the opposite side of the double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Do the most naturally occuring unsaturated fatty acid contain cis or trans configuration?

A

Cis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Are trans fats rare?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are trans fats made?

A

From cis-unsaturated fats in an industria; process called hydrogentaion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What bonds are converted in hydrogenation?

A

Double bonds are converted into single bonds
Cis bonds are conerted into a trans formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nucleotides, lipids and carbohydrates are defined by what proterty?

A

Physical property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the three most important types of lipids found in cells?

A

Steroids, phospholipids and fats

20
Q

What is an example of a steroid?

A

Cholesterol

21
Q

How are steroids distinguished?

A

Bt the four-ring structure

22
Q

How do steriods differ?

A

By functional group or side groups attached to these rings

23
Q

Why is cholesterol an important component of plasma membranes?

A

Provides stability in membranes

24
Q

What are steroids used for?

A

A starting point for the synthesis of hormones
- Oestrogen
- Progesterone
- Testosterone

25
What does a phospholipid consist of?
Three carbon molecules called glycerol
26
Where are phospholipids containing fatty acid chains found?
In the domains bacteria and eukarya
27
How many fatty acid chains are linked to a single glycerole molecule?
Three
28
What reaction happens for fatty acids and phospholipids to form?
Condensation reaction
29
Where does the condensation reaction occur in fats and phospholipids?
Between the hydroxyl group of glycerol and the carbonyl group of fatty acid
30
How does glycerol and fatty acids become joined?
Ester linkage
31
Are phospholipids and fats polymers?
No
32
Are fatty acids monomers?
No
33
Do membrane lipids have a hydrophobic, polar region?
Yes
34
Does the tails or head of the membrane lipids react when in water solution?
The heads are polar so they are hydrophilic and interact with water The tails are non polar so they are hydrophobic and do not interact with water
35
What is the term for compounds that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements?
Amphipathis
36
Do phospholipids dissolve when placed in water?
No
37
Do the heads or tails react with the water?
Heads
38
What are the two types of structures that phospholipids spontaniously form when in water?
Micelles and bilayers
39
What does it mean when a structure forms independently?
There is no energy input required
40
How are micelles formed?
When hydrophilic heads face the water and hydrophobic tails are forced together away from the water
41
When are lipid bilayers formed?
When two sheets of lipids align with hydrophilic heads facting the solution and hydrophobic tails facing one another inside the bilayer
42
Are the tails long or short in micelles?
Short
43
Are the tails long or short in lipid bilayers?
Long
44
What happens when the spotaneous formation of lipid bilayers and sealed compartments?
They capture other chemicals within
45
What are fats based ion?
Fatty acids
46
How are fatty acids classified?
the chain length and number of double bonds
47
What does chin length determine?
Melting and boiling points