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Biology + Microbiology > Growth & Nutrition > Flashcards

Growth & Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

What is meant by the term growth?

A

A state that prokayotic cells divide by binary fussion

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2
Q

What is meant by generation time?

A

The time it takes for one bacterium to become two bacteria

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3
Q

What are endospores?

A

Very resilient
Do not require nutrients
Stress survival

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4
Q

What are persister cells?

A

Dormant
resistant to antibiotics
Easily Reversible

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5
Q

What are the requirements for cell growth?

A

Temperature
pH
Nutrients
Oxygen
Water

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6
Q

Do bacteria have an ideal temperature range?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Do cellular processes occur faster at what temperatures?

A

Optimum temperatures

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8
Q

What are psychrophiles?

A

Microorganisms that grow best in extremely cold temperatures

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9
Q

Where are phychrophiles found?

A

Polar regions, glaciers, deep oceans and permafrost

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10
Q

How are psychrophiles adapted to their temperatures?

A

Unsaturated fatty acids, antifreeze proteins

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11
Q

What are thermophiles

A

microorganisms that grow best in extremely hot temperatures

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12
Q

Where are thermophiles found?

A

Geothermal pools, geysers

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13
Q

How are thermophiles adapted?

A

positive supercoiling, DNA repair

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14
Q

What are mesophiles?

A

Microorganisms that grow best in moderate temperatures

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15
Q

What are some examples of mesophiles?

A

Human pathogens
Household surfaces
Wine and beer manufactoring

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16
Q

What are acidophiles?

A

Micoorganisms that gro best in permanently high acidic conditions
With a pH of 1-5

17
Q

Where are acidophiles found?

A

Stomach acid
Mine leachate
Acidic pools

18
Q

How are acidophiles adapted to their environment?

A

proton pumps
Acid stable proteins

19
Q

What are alkiliphiles?

A

Microorganisms that grow best in permanently alkali conditions
With a pH of 8.5 - 11.5

20
Q

Where are alkaliphiles found?

A

Sewerage sludge
Sea water
Carbonate rich soils

21
Q

How are alkaliphiles adaptedc to their environment?

A

Acidify cytoplasm
Acidic residues

22
Q

Is water required by all organisms?

A

Yes

23
Q

Can some organisms tolerate high salt environments?

A

Yes

24
Q

What is the order of the phases of microorganisms?

A

Lag phase
Exponential growth phase
Stationary phase
Death phase

Biology + Microbiology (19 decks)

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