Growth & Nutrition Flashcards
What is meant by the term growth?
A state that prokayotic cells divide by binary fussion
What is meant by generation time?
The time it takes for one bacterium to become two bacteria
What are endospores?
Very resilient
Do not require nutrients
Stress survival
What are persister cells?
Dormant
resistant to antibiotics
Easily Reversible
What are the requirements for cell growth?
Temperature
pH
Nutrients
Oxygen
Water
Do bacteria have an ideal temperature range?
Yes
Do cellular processes occur faster at what temperatures?
Optimum temperatures
What are psychrophiles?
Microorganisms that grow best in extremely cold temperatures
Where are phychrophiles found?
Polar regions, glaciers, deep oceans and permafrost
How are psychrophiles adapted to their temperatures?
Unsaturated fatty acids, antifreeze proteins
What are thermophiles
microorganisms that grow best in extremely hot temperatures
Where are thermophiles found?
Geothermal pools, geysers
How are thermophiles adapted?
positive supercoiling, DNA repair
What are mesophiles?
Microorganisms that grow best in moderate temperatures
What are some examples of mesophiles?
Human pathogens
Household surfaces
Wine and beer manufactoring
What are acidophiles?
Micoorganisms that gro best in permanently high acidic conditions
With a pH of 1-5
Where are acidophiles found?
Stomach acid
Mine leachate
Acidic pools
How are acidophiles adapted to their environment?
proton pumps
Acid stable proteins
What are alkiliphiles?
Microorganisms that grow best in permanently alkali conditions
With a pH of 8.5 - 11.5
Where are alkaliphiles found?
Sewerage sludge
Sea water
Carbonate rich soils
How are alkaliphiles adaptedc to their environment?
Acidify cytoplasm
Acidic residues
Is water required by all organisms?
Yes
Can some organisms tolerate high salt environments?
Yes
What is the order of the phases of microorganisms?
Lag phase
Exponential growth phase
Stationary phase
Death phase
