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Biology + Microbiology > HIV AIDS > Flashcards

HIV AIDS Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What doesHIV stand for?

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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2
Q

What and HIV lead to?

A

AIDS

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3
Q

What does AIDS stand for?

A

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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4
Q

What are the two types of HIV?

A

HIV-1 and HIV-2

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5
Q

Where is HIV orientated from?

A

Chimpanzee and mangabey

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6
Q

How did HIV transmit from animal to human?

A

Through being hunted for food

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7
Q

What is a retrovirus?

A

The viral genome is composed of a single stranded RNA

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8
Q

What happens once a retrovirus infects a cell?

A

Used reverse transcriptase to convert RNA into dsDNA which can integrate into the host genome

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9
Q

What are the components of HIV virion?

A

Contains the essential components required for establishing the virus life cycle
Envelopoe protein
Viral lipid membranes
Capsid
Nucleocapsid
Reverse transcriptase
Protease
Intergrase
Viral RNA genome

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10
Q

What is the envelope protein?

A

Surface protein containing two parts
gp120
gp41

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11
Q

What is gp120?

A

A cap like structure on the outside of the virus, first contact with receptors on a target cell

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12
Q

What is gp41?

A

Spans the viral membrane anchoring gp120
causes the fusion of the virus and cell membranes during entry

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13
Q

What is the viral lipid membrane?

A

Thin layer of lipid material that encloses the contents of the virus

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14
Q

What is the capsid?

A

Cone shaped core
Consists of protein p24
Contains the genetic material and enzymes needed for virus replication

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15
Q

What is the nucleocapsid?

A

Protein that coats the viral RNA

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16
Q

What is the reverse transcriptase?

A

Found within the capsid
Needed to make viral DNA from the RNA template within the host

17
Q

What is protease?

A

Cuts long strands of HIV protein into smaller components

18
Q

What is intergrase?

A

Causes viral DNA to integrate into the DNA off the host cell

19
Q

What is the viral RNA genome?

A

Genetic material needed to make all of the viral proteins
Two copies in each viral particle

20
Q

What is the primary receptor on T lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages and dentric cells?

A

CD4

21
Q

What does CD4 also require?

A

A co-receptor such as chemokine receptors, CCR5 or CXCR4

22
Q

What does the CD4 and co-receptors do?

A

Integrate its DNA into the host gemone making it very difficult to eradicate

23
Q

What enzymes does HIV used to be transcribed, produce proteins and release mature virons?

A

Host enzymes

24
Q

Does HIV have a hight or low rte of variation?

A

High

25
Q

What is the downside to HIV having a high error rate and high level virus replication?

A

Transcriptase is not very accurate and introduces errors

26
Q

What is AIDS?

A

The advances staged of HIV

27
Q

What are the sympotoms of AIDS?

A

Tiredness
Swollen lymph nodes
Fever more then 10 days
Night sweats
Weight loss
Purplish spots on skin
Long lasting diarrhoea

28
Q

How long will people survive with aids withiout any treatment?

A

3 years

29
Q

How to prevent AIDS?

A

Using condoms
Clean injection equipments in drug users

30
Q

What can incomplete treatment or non adherence lead to?

A

Non persistant viral load suppression
Increased risk of transmission

31
Q

Can HIV act as a reservoir to reinitiate viral replication?

A

Yes

32
Q

What can ATR do?

A

Stop new cells getting infected but cannot eliminate the reservoir

33
Q

What is a source of stem cells?

A

Umbilical cord

34
Q

What is CCR5 co-receptor?

A

A chemokine receptor of gene product and is expressed on macrophages, monocytes, T and dentric cells

Biology + Microbiology (21 decks)

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