HIV AIDS Flashcards
What doesHIV stand for?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
What and HIV lead to?
AIDS
What does AIDS stand for?
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
What are the two types of HIV?
HIV-1 and HIV-2
Where is HIV orientated from?
Chimpanzee and mangabey
How did HIV transmit from animal to human?
Through being hunted for food
What is a retrovirus?
The viral genome is composed of a single stranded RNA
What happens once a retrovirus infects a cell?
Used reverse transcriptase to convert RNA into dsDNA which can integrate into the host genome
What are the components of HIV virion?
Contains the essential components required for establishing the virus life cycle
Envelopoe protein
Viral lipid membranes
Capsid
Nucleocapsid
Reverse transcriptase
Protease
Intergrase
Viral RNA genome
What is the envelope protein?
Surface protein containing two parts
gp120
gp41
What is gp120?
A cap like structure on the outside of the virus, first contact with receptors on a target cell
What is gp41?
Spans the viral membrane anchoring gp120
causes the fusion of the virus and cell membranes during entry
What is the viral lipid membrane?
Thin layer of lipid material that encloses the contents of the virus
What is the capsid?
Cone shaped core
Consists of protein p24
Contains the genetic material and enzymes needed for virus replication
What is the nucleocapsid?
Protein that coats the viral RNA
What is the reverse transcriptase?
Found within the capsid
Needed to make viral DNA from the RNA template within the host
What is protease?
Cuts long strands of HIV protein into smaller components
What is intergrase?
Causes viral DNA to integrate into the DNA off the host cell
What is the viral RNA genome?
Genetic material needed to make all of the viral proteins
Two copies in each viral particle
What is the primary receptor on T lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages and dentric cells?
CD4
What does CD4 also require?
A co-receptor such as chemokine receptors, CCR5 or CXCR4
What does the CD4 and co-receptors do?
Integrate its DNA into the host gemone making it very difficult to eradicate
What enzymes does HIV used to be transcribed, produce proteins and release mature virons?
Host enzymes
Does HIV have a hight or low rte of variation?
High
What is the downside to HIV having a high error rate and high level virus replication?
Transcriptase is not very accurate and introduces errors
What is AIDS?
The advances staged of HIV
What are the sympotoms of AIDS?
Tiredness
Swollen lymph nodes
Fever more then 10 days
Night sweats
Weight loss
Purplish spots on skin
Long lasting diarrhoea
How long will people survive with aids withiout any treatment?
3 years
How to prevent AIDS?
Using condoms
Clean injection equipments in drug users
What can incomplete treatment or non adherence lead to?
Non persistant viral load suppression
Increased risk of transmission
Can HIV act as a reservoir to reinitiate viral replication?
Yes
What can ATR do?
Stop new cells getting infected but cannot eliminate the reservoir
What is a source of stem cells?
Umbilical cord
What is CCR5 co-receptor?
A chemokine receptor of gene product and is expressed on macrophages, monocytes, T and dentric cells
