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Biology + Microbiology > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

simple sugars and polysaccharides

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2
Q

What do simple sugars do?

A

A source of cellular energy
Building blocks for other cell constituents

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3
Q

What do polysaccharides do?

A

Storage form of sugars
Structural components of the cell

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4
Q

What do polysaccharides do?

A

They act as signalling molecules in recognition processes, adhesion of cells to each other

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5
Q

Where can a carbonyl group (C=O) be found?

A

At the end of the molecule (aldehyde sugar, aldose)
Or within the carbon chain (ketose suagr, ketose)

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6
Q

What is the name for three carbon sugars?

A

Triose

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6
Q

What is the name for four carbon suagrs?

A

Tetrose

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7
Q

What is the name for five carbon sugars?

A

Pentose

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8
Q

Give an example of a five carbon sugars?

A

Ribose in nucleic acid

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9
Q

What is the name for a six carbon sugars?

A

Hexose

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10
Q

Give an example of a six carbon sugar

A

Glucose in your blood
Galactose

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11
Q

What is the name for a seven carbon sugar?

A

Heptose

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12
Q

Is glucose and galactose an aldose sugar and are they optical isomers?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What is the function of glucose?

A

Source of energy in the production of ATP

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14
Q

What is the function of galactose?

A

Needs to be converted into glucose in an enzyme catalysed reaction
Energy production and storage

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15
Q

What structure do lineare structure form when in aqueous solution?

A

Ring strutures

16
Q

What happens when cyclic structures form?

A

Carbon number 1 in the linear chain forms a bond with an oxygen atom and with a hydroxyl group

17
Q

What are the two ways that a cyclic structure bond can be orientated?

A

An alpha-glucose and a beta-glucose

18
Q

Is alpha or beta-glucose more stable?

A

Beta-glucose is more stable so it is more common

19
Q

what joins together to form disacharides and polysaccharides?

A

Monosaccharides

20
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

Complex carbohydrates

21
Q

What is the simplest linked monosaccharide?

A

When there are only two monosaccharides known as disaccharides

22
Q

What is it called when the two monomers that are linked are identical?

A

Maltose

23
Q

What is it called when the two monomers that are linked are different?

A

Lactose

24
Q

When do simple sugars polymerise?

A

When a condensation reaction occurs between two hydroxyl groups

25
Q

What is the result of a polymerase of simple sugars?

A

A covalent bond

26
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A glycosidic linkage or glycosidic bond

27
Q

Why can the locations of bonds vary?

A

Depending on the location of the hydroxyl groups in the monomers (alpha or beta)

28
Q

What do the formation of bonds at different levels result in?

A

A different polysaccharide being formed

Biology + Microbiology (19 decks)

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