Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

simple sugars and polysaccharides

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2
Q

What do simple sugars do?

A

A source of cellular energy
Building blocks for other cell constituents

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3
Q

What do polysaccharides do?

A

Storage form of sugars
Structural components of the cell

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4
Q

What do polysaccharides do?

A

They act as signalling molecules in recognition processes, adhesion of cells to each other

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5
Q

Where can a carbonyl group (C=O) be found?

A

At the end of the molecule (aldehyde sugar, aldose)
Or within the carbon chain (ketose suagr, ketose)

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6
Q

What is the name for three carbon sugars?

A

Triose

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6
Q

What is the name for four carbon suagrs?

A

Tetrose

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7
Q

What is the name for five carbon sugars?

A

Pentose

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8
Q

Give an example of a five carbon sugars?

A

Ribose in nucleic acid

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9
Q

What is the name for a six carbon sugars?

A

Hexose

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10
Q

Give an example of a six carbon sugar

A

Glucose in your blood
Galactose

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11
Q

What is the name for a seven carbon sugar?

A

Heptose

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12
Q

Is glucose and galactose an aldose sugar and are they optical isomers?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What is the function of glucose?

A

Source of energy in the production of ATP

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14
Q

What is the function of galactose?

A

Needs to be converted into glucose in an enzyme catalysed reaction
Energy production and storage

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15
Q

What structure do lineare structure form when in aqueous solution?

A

Ring strutures

16
Q

What happens when cyclic structures form?

A

Carbon number 1 in the linear chain forms a bond with an oxygen atom and with a hydroxyl group

17
Q

What are the two ways that a cyclic structure bond can be orientated?

A

An alpha-glucose and a beta-glucose

18
Q

Is alpha or beta-glucose more stable?

A

Beta-glucose is more stable so it is more common

19
Q

what joins together to form disacharides and polysaccharides?

A

Monosaccharides

20
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

Complex carbohydrates

21
Q

What is the simplest linked monosaccharide?

A

When there are only two monosaccharides known as disaccharides

22
Q

What is it called when the two monomers that are linked are identical?

23
Q

What is it called when the two monomers that are linked are different?

24
When do simple sugars polymerise?
When a condensation reaction occurs between two hydroxyl groups
25
What is the result of a polymerase of simple sugars?
A covalent bond
26
What is a covalent bond?
A glycosidic linkage or glycosidic bond
27
Why can the locations of bonds vary?
Depending on the location of the hydroxyl groups in the monomers (alpha or beta)
28
What do the formation of bonds at different levels result in?
A different polysaccharide being formed