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PH151 > Prokaryotes (part 1) > Flashcards

Prokaryotes (part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Average size of Prokaryote

A

0.2 - 1.0 micrometer x 2-8 micrometer

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2
Q

Calcifying nanoparticles

A

Nanobacteria

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3
Q

Structures found on meteorite fragment

A

Nanobes or Nanobacteria

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4
Q

Basic shapes of prokaryotes

A

Coccus
Bacillus
Spiral

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5
Q

Round but can be oval, elongated, or flattened on one side

A

Coccus

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6
Q

Example of coccus

A

Diplococcus pneumoniae

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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7
Q

Rod-shaped

A

Bacillus

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8
Q

Examples of bacillus

A

Escherichia coli

Bacillus anthracis

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9
Q

Have one or more twists

Never straight

A

Spiral

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10
Q

Curved rods

A

Vibrio

Ex: Vibrio cholerae

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11
Q

Thick, helical shape, like a corkscrew, and fairly rigid bodies

A

Spirillum

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12
Q

A thin, flexible spiral

A

Spirochete
Ex:
Treponema pallidum
Leptospira interrogans

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13
Q

Unusual shapes

A 
Fruiting bacteria
Stalked bacteria
Budding bacteria
Filamentous
Wall-less, pleomorphic
Pleomorphic
Fusiform/ spindle-shaped, filamentous
Rosette formation
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14
Q

Example of fruiting bacteria

A

Myxobacter

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15
Q

Example of stalked bacteria

A

Caulobacter

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16
Q

Example of budding bacteria

A

Hyphomicrobium

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17
Q

Example of filamentous shaped

A

Cynobacteria

Actinomycete

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18
Q

Example of wall-less, pleomorphic

A

Mycoplasma

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19
Q

Example of pleomorphic

A

Rhizobium

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20
Q

Example of fusiform/spindle-shaped, filamentous

A

Fusobacterium

21
Q

Example of rosette formation bacteria

A

Caulobacter

22
Q

Nutritional Types

A

Photoautotroph
Photoheterotroph
Chemoautotroph
Chemoheterotroph

23
Q

Energy source is Sunlight

A

Photoautotroph

Photoheterotroph

24
Q

Carbon source is co2

A

Photoautotroph

25
Q

Carbon source is organic materials

A

Photoheterotroph

26
Q

Energy source is inorganic materials

Carbon source is co2

A

Chemoautotroph

27
Q

Energy and carbon source is organic compounds

A

Chemoheterotroph

28
Q

Extracellular Stryctures

A

Glycocalyx
Flagella and Archaella
Axial Filaments
Pili/Fimbriae

29
Q

Meaning sugar coat

Made inside the cell and secreted to the cell surface

A

Glycocalyx

30
Q

Importance of glycocalyx

A 
Protection
Enhances virulence of bacteria
Important component in biofilms
Helps in attachment
Source of nutrition during starvation
31
Q

Types of Glycocalyx

A

Capsule
Slime Layer
Extracellular polymeric substance
S Layer

32
Q

Well organized and not easily washed off

A

Capsule

33
Q

Unorganized, diffused (loose) and easily removed

A

Slime layer

34
Q

Helps cells in a biofilm attach to their target environment and to each other

A

Extracellular polymeric substance

35
Q

Example of a biofilm

A

Dental plaque

36
Q

Proteins or glycoproteins that are regularly structured

A

S layer

37
Q

Thread-like locomotor appendages

A

Flagella

38
Q

Parts of Flagella

A

Filament
Basal body
Hook

39
Q

Longet portion of flagella

A

Filament

40
Q

Part of a flagella that is embedded in the cell

A

Basal body

41
Q

Part of a flagella that is short, curved segment which links the filament to the basal body

A

Hook

42
Q

Arrangement of bacterial flagella

A

Peritrichous
Monotrichous and Polar
Lophotrichous and Polar
Amphitrichous and Polar

43
Q

Movement of flagella

A

Run or swim
Tumble
Swarm (wavelike)

44
Q

A flagellar protein useful for distinguishing among serovars, or variations within a species, or gram negative bacteria

A

H antigan

45
Q

Flagellar version in archaea

Have same functions as flagella and pili

A

Archaealla

46
Q

Glycoproteins in Archaellins

A

Archaellins

47
Q

Hair-like appendages in many gram negative bacteria
Can reach up to 1,000/cell
Aid in attachment

A

Fimbriae

48
Q

Longer than fimbriae and number only one or two per cell
Involved in DNA transfer
Involved in motility

A

Pili

49
Q

Protein found in fimbriae and pili

A

Pilin

PH151 (15 decks)

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