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PH151 > Classification (LE2) > Flashcards

Classification (LE2) Flashcards

1
Q

The science of biological classification

A

Taxonomy

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2
Q

Grouping organisms into taxa based on mutual similarity or evolutionary relatedness

A

Classification

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3
Q

Characterization of an isolate to determine what species it is

A

Identification

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4
Q

Assignment of names to taxonomic groups in agreement with published rules

A

Nomenclature

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5
Q

Study of diversity of life (both past and present) and the relationships among living things through time
Uses taxonomy as means to understand organisms

A

Systematics

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6
Q

Collection of strains that share many stable properties in common and differ significantly from other groups of strains

A

Species (in prokaryotes)

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7
Q

A group of closely related organisms that breed among themselves

A

Species (in eukaryotes)

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8
Q

Population of organisms that descends from a pure culture isolate or from a species

A

Strain

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9
Q

Types of classification

A

Artificial

Natural or Phylogenetic

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10
Q

Based upon the expressed characteristics or the phenotype of the organism

A

Artificial Classification

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11
Q

Based upon the suggested evolution of the organism (those that share a common ancestor)

A

Natural or Phylogenetic Classification

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12
Q

Three domains

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

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13
Q

Founded the 3 domains

A

Carl Woese in 1990

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14
Q

Principles of Nomenclature

A

Each distinct kind of organism is designated as a species
Latin binomial nomenclature
Names are descriptive

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15
Q

List of species of prokaryotes

A

Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology

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16
Q

Can change if the organism is assigned to another genus because of new information

A

Generic Name

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17
Q

Stable

The oldest epithet for a particular organism takes precedence and must be used

A

Specific Name

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18
Q

Rule for naming bacteria

A

International Code for the Nomenclature of Bacteria (1991)

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19
Q

Questions on Nomenclature

A

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (IJSB)

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20
Q

Involves the study, not of a single cell, but of a population of identical cells

A

Characterization and Identification

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21
Q

Prerequisite for characterization

A

Pure Culture

22
Q

Reasons for characterization

A

Identification
Comparison with other organisms
Exploit characteristics which may be beneficial

23
Q

Major characteristics used in taxonomy

A 
Cultural
Morphological
Metabolic
Chemical Composition
Antigenic
Genetic
24
Q

Refer to the nutrients required for growth and the physical conditions of an environment that will favor growth

A

Cultural

25
Q

Nutritional types

A

Based on:

Energy source
Carbon source
C and E source

26
Q

Nutritional types based on energy source:

A

Phototrophs

Chemotrophs

27
Q

Based on carbon source:

A

Autotroph

Heterotroph (organotroph)

28
Q

Based on E and C source:

A

Photoautotroph
Photoheterotroph
Chemoautotroph
Chemoheterotroph

29
Q

Photoautotroph (E and C source)

A

Sunlight (E)

CO2 (C)

30
Q

Photoheterotroph

A 
Sunlight (E)
Organic compounds (C)
31
Q

Chemoautotroph

A 
Inorganic chemical (E)
CO2 (C)
32
Q

Chemoheterotroph

A 
Organic compounds (E)
Oragnic compounds (C)
33
Q

Based on physical conditions:

A

Temperature req.
pH req.
Oxygen req.

34
Q

Temperature requirement

A 
Psychrophile
Mesophile
Thermophile
Psychrotroph
Hyperthermophile
35
Q

Between -5 and 15C

A

Psychrophile

36
Q

Between 25 and 45C

A

Mesophile

37
Q

Between 45 and 70C

A

Thermophile

38
Q

Between 20 and 30C (but grows well at lower temperatures)

A

Psychrotroph

39
Q

Between 70 and 110C

A

Hyperthermophile

40
Q

pH Requirement

A

Acidophile
Neutrophile
Alkalophile

41
Q

Opt pH below 5.5

A

Acidophile

42
Q

Opt pH 5-8

A

Neutrophile

43
Q

Opt pH above 8.5

A

Alkalophile

44
Q

Oxygen Requirement

A

Aerobe

Anaerobe

45
Q

Types of aerobe

A

Obligate aerobe

Microaerophile

46
Q

Types of anaerobe

A

Obligate anaerobe
Facultative anaerobe
Aerotolerant anaerobe

47
Q

Other examples of cultural characteristics:

A

Type of growth on agar media
Type of growth on liquid media
Salt tolerance/requirement

48
Q

Morphological chracteristics

A

Size
Shape
Arrangement
Structures

49
Q

Biochemical/physiological characteristics

i.e. presence of enzymes, fermentation of sugar

A

Metabolic characteristics

50
Q

Chemical composition

A

Gram negative

Gram positive

51
Q

Molecule capable of inducing an immune response on the part of the host organism

A

Antigen

52
Q

DNA composition analysis, detection of the likeness or homology between DNA of cell

A

Genetic composition

PH151 (15 decks)

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