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PH151 > Immunity (4th LE) > Flashcards

Immunity (4th LE) Flashcards

1
Q

Cells, tissue, and molecule that fight against infections

A

Immune System

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2
Q

Study of structure and function of the immune system

A

Immunology

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3
Q

Ability of organism to resist infection

Ability of organism to eliminate potentially harmful or abnormal cells

A

Immunity

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4
Q

Collective and coordinated response against infecttion or introduction of foreign substances in a host, by the cells and molecules of the immune system

A

Immune Response

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5
Q

Role of Immune System

A 
Defense against microbes
Defense against growth of tumor cells
Rejection of foreign cells
Homeostasis
Inappropriate responses
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6
Q

Destruction of abnormal or dead cells through

A

Homeostasis

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7
Q

Examples of abnormal or dead cells

A

Dead red or white blood cells

Antigen-antibody complex

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8
Q

Examples of inappropriate responses

A

Allergies

Autoimmune diseases

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9
Q

Immune System

A

Organs
Cells
Molecules

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10
Q

Immune System Organs

A 
Tonsils
Skin
Bone marrow
Bloodstream
Thymus
Lymphatic system
Spleen
Mucosal tissue
Payer's patches
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11
Q

Immune System Cells

A

Lymphocytes
Monocytes, Macrophage
Granulocytes

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12
Q

Examples fo Lymphocytes

A

T-lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes, plasma cells
Natural killer lymphocytes

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13
Q

Examples of granulocytes

A

Nuetrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

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14
Q

Immune System Molecules

A 
Antibodies
Complement
Cytokines
Interleukins
Interferons
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15
Q

Two types of immunity

A

Innate (non-adaptive)

Acquired (adaptive)

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16
Q 
First line of defense
Non-specific resistance
Inborn (based on gene)
No memory
Dependent on phagocytes
Quick response
A

Innate Immunity

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17
Q 
Second line of defense
Specific resistance
Antigen specific
Developed memory
Handled by T and B lymphoctes
Slow response
A

Acquired Immunity

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18
Q

Organisms with innate immunity

A

All animals

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19
Q

Barrier defenses of innate immunity

A

Skin
Mucous membranes
Secretions

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20
Q

Internal defenses of innate immunity

A

Phagocytic cells
Natural killer cells
Antimicrobial proteins
Inflammatory response

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21
Q

Organisms with adaptive immunity

A

Vertebrates only

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22
Q

Antibodies defend against infection in body fluids

A

Humoral response

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23
Q

Cytotoxic cells defend agaisnt infection in body cells

A

Cell-mediated response

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24
Q

First line of defense (innate)

A

Skin
Mucous membranes
Secretions of skin and mucous membranes

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25
Q

Second line of defense (innate)

A

Phagocytic leukocytes
Antimicrobial proteins
Inflammatory response
Fever

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26
Q

Third line of defense (adaptive)

A

Lymphocytes
Antibodies
Memory cells

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27
Q

Under innate immune system

A

External defenses

Internal defenses

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28
Q

Innate immune system

A

Prevent microbial entry
Detect invaders
Eliminate threat

29
Q

External defenses of innate immune system

A

Physical barriers
Chemical barriers
Biological factors

30
Q

Internal defenses of innate immune system

A

Cellular mechanisms (eg WBC)

31
Q

Physical Barriers

A

Skin
Sebaceous glands in skin
Mucosal tissues/surfaces
Flushing action of saliva, tears, and urine

32
Q

Chemical Barriers

A

Antimicrobial peptides in sweat
Gastric acid in stomach
Lysozyme in tears/saliva
Defensins

33
Q

Biological Factors

A

Normal Microbiota

34
Q

Non-pathogenic, harmless bacteria

A

Normal microbiota

35
Q

Ratio of human cells and normal microbiota in our body

A

1:10

36
Q

Possible sources of normal microbiota in a newborn

A 
Passage through birth canal
Feeding materials
Instruments
Other people
Nursing
37
Q

Bacteria in the large intestines are responsible for:

A

Gases

Odors

38
Q

Normal Microbiota functions

A 
Excludes pathogens by:
- Preventing adherence
- Consuming nutrients
- Producing toxins
Stimulates host immune system
39
Q

Some body parts are naturally sterile such as:

A

Internal organs
Blood
Lymph system
Nervous system

40
Q

Internal defenses

A

Second line of defense

41
Q

Where majority of immune tespinse cells are found

A

Blood

42
Q

Blood composition

A

55% plasma
1% WBC and platelets
44% RBC

43
Q

Plasma also contains

A

Complement proteins
Coagulation protein
Cytokines

44
Q

Cells for 2nd and 3rd line defences

A

Leukocytes (WBC)

45
Q

Leukocytes pass from blood to interstitial spaces process

A

Extravasation (or diapedesis)

46
Q

Large phagocytes found in blood

A

Monocytes

47
Q

Function of monocytes

A

Phagocytosis

Serves as Antigen-Presenting Cells (APC)

48
Q

Engulf, process, and present antigens to lymphocytes to initiate adaptive immune response

A

APC

49
Q

APC derivatives

A

Macrophages

Dendritic Cells

50
Q

First defensice cells that interact with pathogen
Chief phagocytic cell
Ingest and destroy pathogens

A

Macrophages

51
Q

Where can macrophages be found?

A

Found in tissue

Abundant in spleen and lymph nodes

52
Q

Communicates with T lymphocytes by collecting antigens from the tissues and then bring them to lymphocytes
Promotes immune response

A

Dendritic Cells

53
Q

Where can dendritic cells be found?

A

Abundant along epithelial linings, skin, and mucous membranes

54
Q

Second lineage of defense after monocytes

Contains granules

A

Granulocytes

55
Q

Granulocytes include

A

Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
Mast cells

56
Q

Common phagocyte but not APC
Die after phagocytosis
Found in bloodstream and bone marrow

A

Nuetrophils

57
Q

Initiate an inflammatory response
Responsible for some allergic reactions
Release histamines

A

Mast Cells

58
Q

Against helminth parasitic infection, an allergic reaction or cancer

A

Eosinophils

59
Q

Production of acute inflammation

Synthsize and store heparin and histamine

A

Basophil

60
Q

Cytotoxic lymphocytes, not a B nor a T lymphocytes

Recognize and kill compromised cells

A

Natural Killer Cells

61
Q

Forms a pore in target cells for granzymes to enter

A

Perforin

62
Q

Cytotoxins that caused apoptosis or programmed cell death

A

Granzymes

63
Q

Specific surface molecules that are present in most healthy cells

A

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

64
Q

Specialized leukocytes from lymphoid precursor cells

A

Lymphocytes

65
Q

3 types of Lymphocytes

A

B cells
T cells
Natural killer cells

66
Q

Specialized APC

Part of adaptive immunity

A

B cells

67
Q

Almost similar with B cells - adaptive immunity

A

T cells

68
Q

Part of innate immunity

A

Natural killer cells

69
Q

Soluble proteins that interact with specific antigens

A

Antibodies (immunoglobulins)

PH151 (15 decks)

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