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PH151 > Microbial Metabolism > Flashcards

Microbial Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Essential cell elements

A 
C
O
N
H
P
S
Se
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2
Q

Macromolecular compostion of a cell

A 
Protein
Lipid
Polysaccharide
Lipopolysaccharide
DNA
RNA
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3
Q

Sum total of all processes (made up of chemical reactions) occurring in the cell

A

Metabolism

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4
Q

Metabolism is made possible by:

A

Flow of energy/electrons

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5
Q

Involves both catabolism and anabolism

A

Amphibolic pathway

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6
Q

Loss of electron

A

Oxidation

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7
Q

Gain of electron

A

Reduced

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8
Q

Metabolism is made possible by: (2)

A

Participation of enzymes

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9
Q

Types of chemical transformations

A

Anabolism

Catabolism

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10
Q

Biosynthetic
Building up
Use energy in the process

A

Anabolism

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11
Q

Degradative
Breaking down
Release energy in the process

A

Catabolism

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12
Q

Energy =

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

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13
Q

Cofactor/coenzyme

A

Pyridine nucleotides

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14
Q

NAD

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

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15
Q

FAD

A

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

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16
Q

Reduced pyridine nucleotides

A

Reducing power

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17
Q

Reduced NAD

A

NADH

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18
Q

Reduced FAD

A

FADH2

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19
Q

Types of pathways

A

Linear metabolic
Branched metabolic
Cyclic metabolic

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20
Q

Breakdown of glucose to pyruvate

3 common routes:

A

EMP
PPP
EDP

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21
Q

EMP

A

Embden-Meyerhof (Parnas)

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22
Q

PPP

A

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

23
Q

EDP

A

Entner-Duodoroff Pathway

24
Q

EMP aka

A

Glycolysis

25
Q

3 key regulatory enzymes of EMP pathway

A

Hexokinase
Phosphofructokinase
Pyruvate kinase

26
Q

Glycolysis generates

A

2 pyruvate
2 ATP
2 NADH

27
Q

Transfer of high energy phosphate group from a metabolic intermediates to ADP to produce ATP

A

Substrate-level phosphorylation

28
Q

Pentose phosphate pathway generates

A

ATP by substrate level phosphorylation
NADH and NAPH (amount varies)
2 different precursor metabolites

29
Q

Found in some gram negative bacteria

A

ED Pathway

30
Q

Net of ED Pathway

A

One NADPH
One NADH
One ATP

31
Q

Complete oxidation

Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA

A

Respiration

32
Q

Respiration generates

A

2 NADH

1 precursor metabolite

33
Q

Know as Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle

A

Krebs Cycle

34
Q

Krebs Cycle generates

A

2 ATP
2 NADH
2 FADH2

35
Q

Two types of respiration

A

Aerobic

Anaerobic

36
Q

Terminal e acceptor is O2

Pyruvic acid is completely oxidized to CO2 via the TCA

A

Aerobic Respiration

37
Q

Terminal e acceptor are nitrates, sulfates, and carbonates

Employed by methanogens (strict aerobes) and denitrifiers (facultative anaerobes)

A

Anaerobic respiration

38
Q

ATP production via chemiosmosis and electron transport chain

A

Oxidative-level phosphorylation

39
Q

ATP synthesis powered by the flow of H+ back across the membrane

A

Chemiosmosis

40
Q

Electron transport and pumping of protons (H+) which create an H+ gradient across the membrane

A

ETS

41
Q

Energized state of a membrane cretaed by expulsion of protons (through the action of ETC)
Membrane potential

A

Proton Motive Force

42
Q 
Partial oxidation
No ETC 
Less ATP produced
No external e acceptor
Use pyruvate as final e acceptor
Yield different products
A

Fermentation

43
Q

Anabolic pathways

A 
Lipid synthesis
Glucose synthesis
Protein synthesis
Nucleotide synthesis
Phtotsynthesis
44
Q

2 major modes of enzyme regulation

A

Amount of enzyme

Activity of enzyme

45
Q

Shuts off reaction (typically the first) dues to excess end-products

A

Feedback inhibition

46
Q

Allosteric enzyme contains

A

Active site

Allosteric site

47
Q

Where substrate binds

A

Active site

48
Q

Where the end product of the pathway binds

A

Allosteric site

49
Q

Different enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but are subject to different regulatory controls

A

Isoenzymes

50
Q

Photosynthesis of H2O produce ATP and NADPH

A

Light reaction

51
Q

Use the production from light reaction (ATP and NADPH) to fix CO2

A

Dark fixation

52
Q

Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria use water as a hydrogen donor, releasing O2

A

6CO2 + 12H2O + Light energy —- C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2

53
Q

Purple sulfur and green sulfur bacteria use H2S as a hydrogen donor, producing sulfur granules

A

6CO2 + 12H2S + Light energy —- C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 12S

PH151 (15 decks)

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