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PH151 > Inflammatory Response (4th LE) > Flashcards

Inflammatory Response (4th LE) Flashcards

1
Q

The irritant sets into motion a process that limits the extent of the injury

A

Inflammatory Response

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2
Q

Blood accumulation

A

Redness

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3
Q

Heat of the blood

A

Warmth

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4
Q

Fluid accumulation

A

Swelling

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5
Q

Injury to local nerve

A

Pain

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6
Q

Nonspecific reaction to harmful stimuli (toxins and pathogens)
Mediated by cytokines
Can be local or systemic

A

Inflammation

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7
Q

Lead to inflammtion in a small part of the body, followed by healing

A

Local infection

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8
Q

Leads to inflammation and disease throughout the body

A

Systemic infection

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9
Q

Elevated body temperature

Triggered by cytokines especially pyrogens

A

Fever

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10
Q

Elevated body temperature

A

From 37C to 38-40C

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11
Q

Life threatening body temperature

A

> 40C

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12
Q

Released by macrophages and by toxins from pathogens

A

Pyrogens

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13
Q

Cytokines signal hypothalamus to produce

A

Prostaglandins

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14
Q

Chemical that elevate body temperature and causes fever

A

Prostaglandins

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15
Q

Inhibits growth of most pathogens

A

Fever

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16
Q

Incontrolled systemic inflammation that is life-threatening

A

Septic shock

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17
Q

Activator/signaling molecules that enhances immune response by recruiting imune cells to sites of infection

A

Cytokines

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18
Q 
Subclass of cytokines
Recruits immune cells to sites of injury/infection
A

Chemokines

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19
Q

Not stored inside cells

Quickly synthesized and secreted in response to infection

A

Interleukin

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20
Q

A small cytokine

Helps healthy cells ward off viral infection

A

Interferon

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21
Q

How phagocytes recognize pathogens?

A

PAMPs

PRRs

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22
Q

PAMPs

A

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns

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23
Q

PRRs

A

Pattern recognition receptors

24
Q

Pathogen markers found in surface pf pathogens

A

PAMPs

25
Q

Example of PAMPs

A

LPS
Flagellin
dsRNA of viruses
Lipoteichoic acids

26
Q

Displayed on surface of phagocytes

A

PRRs

27
Q

Widely expressed on mammalian innate immunity cells

A

Toll-like receptors (TLRs)

28
Q

Activation of phagocytosis

A

PAMPs + PRRs

29
Q

Composed of soluble proteins that catalyze bacterial opsonization and cell lysis

A

Complement System

30
Q

Coating of pathogens with antimicrobial host proteins, such as antibodies or C3b, resulting in enhanced phagocytosis or target cells

A

Opsonization

31
Q

Any molecule that enhances phagocytosis by marking an antigen for an immune response or marking dead cells for recycling

A

Opsonin

32
Q

3 pathways of complement system activation coverge

A

Inflammatory response
Lysis of foreign cells
Opsonization

33
Q

Other indication of infecting or healing

A

Pus

Coagulation

34
Q

A fluid rich in white blood cells, dead pathogens, and cell debris from damaged tissues

A

Pus

35
Q

Mechanisms to stop bleeding

Involves platelets, coagulation factors, and vitamin K

A

Coagulation

36
Q

Acquired immunity
Mediated by B and T lymphocytes
Has memory
Has tolerance

A

Adaptive Immunity

37
Q

Specificity of adaptive immunity

A

Each cell responds to a single epitope
Detects antigens
Distinguish between host and foreign antigen

38
Q

Two types of adaptive immunity

A

Antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity

Cell-mediated (cellular) immunity

39
Q

Particularly effective against pathogens

A

Antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity

40
Q

Leads to killing of pathogen infected cells througg recognition of pathogen antigens found on infected host cells

A

Cell-mediated (cellular) immunity

41
Q

Produce antibodies

Activated by helper T cells

A

B lymphocyte

42
Q

Two types of T lymphocyte

A

T-helper cells

T-cytotoxic (killer) cells

43
Q

Belong to the gamma-globulin fraction of serum proteins

A

Immunoglobulins

44
Q

2 identical heavy chains

2 identical light chains

A

Y-shaped or T-shaped polypeptides

45
Q

Function of immunoglobulins

A

Neutralization

Opsonisation

46
Q

Two types of adaptive immunity responses

A

Primary

Secondary

47
Q

Production of specific clones of effector T cells and memory clones

A

Primary response

48
Q

More pronounced, faster

More effective at limiting the infection

A

Secondary response

49
Q

Preparation of a disease-causing agent or its product used to induce active immunity

A

Vaccines

50
Q

A weakened form of the disease-causing microbe or virus that is generally unable to cause disease

A

Attenuated vaccine

51
Q

May contain killer microbes or inactivated viruses or fractions of the microbe

A

Inactivated vaccines

52
Q

Immune response can fail leading to

A

Hypersensitivity
Allergy
Autoimmunity

53
Q

Loss or inadequate function of various components of the immune system

A

Immunodeficiency

54
Q

Two types of immunodeficiency

A

Congenital (primary)

Acquired (secondary)

55
Q

Genetic abnormality

A

Congenital (primary) immunodeficiency

56
Q

Results from infections, nutritional deficiencies or treatments

A

Acquired (secondary) immunodeficiency

57
Q

Examoles of acquired immunodeficiency

A

AIDS

Chronic leukemia

PH151 (15 decks)

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