Problem Solving and Decision Making Flashcards
Method of problem solving:
take random guesses till something finally work
trial and error
Method of problem solving: Methodical approach with logical step by step procedure
Algorithm
Method of problem solving/ decision making: Mental shortcuts that allow us to find solutions quicker
Heuristics
Type of Heuristic: Where you break down main problem into smaller problems
Means-end analysis
Type of Heuristic: using examples that come to mind. Helpful, but our
easily
memorable experiences
don’t match real state of the world
Availability Heuristic
heuristic where people look for the most
representative answer, and look to match prototype
Representativeness Heuristic
Fallacy related to Representativeness Heurisitic that means co-occurence of two instances is more likely than a single one.
Conjunction Fallacy
what makes a problem well defined?
clear starting point and/ or ending point
What is a TYPE 1 ERROR
False Positive
What is a TYPE II ERROR
False Negative
what is the difference between Representative and Availability Heuristic?
Representativeness= not thinking of exact memories (prototype)
Availability Heuristic= actual memories in mind
what are the common 3 types of Biases
1) Overconfidence
2) Belief Perseverance
3) Confirmation
what is “Framing”
- Wording a question in a way that makes people lean towards an answer
who proposed there is one general intellegence?
-He used facts to propose that people who score high on one type of test score high on all types of tests.
Spearman
Theory of General Intelligence
(spear one idea on the board)
is the ability to reason quickly and abstractly
fluid intelligence
