Attention Theories/ Memory stuff Flashcards
Shadowing Task
Experiment used to understand selective attention
Told to repeat everything said in one ear and ignore what is said in the other
ability to focus on task at hand while ignoring other info
selective attention
Theory of selective attentioon that proposes we employ a series of filters:
1) Sensory register
2) selective filter
3) perceptual process
4) Conscious
Broadbent’s Early Selection Theory
what is a problem with Broadbents early Selection Theory
we cant completely filter out all unattended info–> wouldnt be able to hear ones own name (cocktail party)
Theory of selective attentioon that proposes we employ a series of filters:
1) Sensory register
2) perceptual process
3) Selective filter
4) Conscious
Deutch & Deutch’s Late Selection Theory
Dutch pay attention (perceptualize) to EVERYTHING
Theory of selective attentioon that proposes we employ a series of filters:
1) Sensory register
2) attenuator
3) Perceptual Process
4) Conscious
Treisman’s Attenuation Theory
Treisman is SHARP as a T.
model of attention that says that we unconciously soak up all information but only pay attention to some of it
Spotlight model of attention
we have limited resources in attention. Resources that
are easily overtasked if wetry to pay attention to multiple things @ once
Resource model of
attention
is an implicit memory effect in which prior exposure to
a stimulus unfavorably influences the respons
e to the same
stimulus.
Caused by experiencing the stimulus, and then ignoring it
Negative priming
speeds up processing. caused by
simply experiencing the stimulus. Thought to be
caused by spreading activation. This means that the first stimulus
activates parts of a particular representation
Positive Priming
Transferring information from the temporary store in working memory into permanent store in long-term memory
Encoding
Good for remembering things in order, link info to locations. Tie information you need to remember to certain stops along a route that you already know.
Method of Loci
Better recalling first items on a list
Primacy effect
Better at recalling last items on the list
recency effect
Curve:
the overall tendency to recall first few items well,
last few items well, and middle items not so great
Serial Position Curve/ effect
forgetting the source of the information is called?
Source Monitoring Error
is the inability to remember where, when or how
previously learned information has been acquired, while retaining the
factual knowledge
Source amnesia
Highly emotional memories that feel extremely vivid
Flashbulb memories
new learning impairs old info. Refers to later
information interfering with memory for earlier information
Retroactive interference
something you learned in past impairs learning in
future. Earlier inform
ation interferes with later information
Proactive interference
Type of interference example: Writing new address makes it difficult to recall your old address
Retroactive interference
Type of interference example: New password
learning
–prior password learning impairs ability to learn
new one.
Proactive Interference
what causes Korsakoff’s syndrome? can it be treated?
Lack of Vitamine B1 or Thiamine
Yes, Thiamine injections
why is thiamine important for cognitive performance?
It converts carbohydrates into glucose cells need for energy
is inability to recall info previously encode
Retrograde amnesia
is inability to encode new memories
Anterograde amnesia
refers to ability to remember experiences before a brain injury
retrograde memory
refers to ability to form long-term memories after brain injury
Anterograde memory
Says all ideas in your brain are connected together. Pulling up one memory pulls up others as well
Spreading activation
