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Khan Academy MCAT notes > Emotions > Flashcards

Emotions Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

what brain system is involved in emotions

A

Limbic system

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2
Q

what structures of the brain make up the limbic system

A

Hypothalmus
Amygdala
Thalamus
Hippocampus

Acronym: HAT Hippo

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3
Q

what is the Limbic system responsible for in addition to regulating emotions?

A

storage/ retrieval of memories

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4
Q

Sensory relay station (signals from nerves end up here)

A

Thalamus (information from all senses except smell)

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5
Q

Agression center of the brain

A

amygdala

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6
Q

what syndrome results from destroying amygdala?

what is it characterized by?

A
  • Kluver-Bucy syndrome

- putting objects in mouth a lot and inappropriate behavior

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7
Q

structure of the brain that plays a key role in forming new memories

what other functions does this does this structure perform?

A

Hippocampus

1)Executive functions

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8
Q

what hemisphere of the brain does positive emotion evoke more activity?

A

Left

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9
Q

what hemisphere of the brain does Negative emotion evoke more activity?

A

Right

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10
Q

This region of the brain is responsible for higher order functions (what makes us human)

A

prefrontal cortex

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11
Q

what are the 3 components to emotion?

A

Physiological
Behavioral
Cognitive

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12
Q

who postulated that there are 6 universal emotions?

What are they?

A 
Paul Ekman
Paul EEee-KKK 
man-->emotion
-Happiness
-Sadness
-Surprise
-fear
-Digust
-Anger
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13
Q

Theory of emotion:

1) Event
2) Physiological response
3) Interpretation of response
4) emotion

A

James Lang Theory

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14
Q

Theory of Emotion:

1) Event
2) Phys response and Emotion

A

Cannon-Bard

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15
Q

Theory of Emotion:

1) Event
2) Phys response
3) Identify reason for response
4) Emotion

A

Schacter- Singer

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16
Q

Theory of Emotion

1) Event
2) Appraise(label)
3) Emotion + Physiological response

A

Lazarus

“LAzarus= LAbel”

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17
Q

Fill in the Theory of Emotion for the number:

1) Physiological–>emotion
2) Cognitive–>Emotion+Phys
3) Physiology+Emotion(togeth)
4) Phys +cognitive–>emotion

A

1) James Lang
2) Lazarus
3) Cannon Bard
4) Schachter-Singer

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18
Q

Law that states the people perform better when moderatly aroused.

A

Yerkes-Dodson Law

19
Q

It encompasses both the stressor and the stress reaction

A

stress

20
Q

Threatening/challenging even

A

stressor

21
Q

subsequent physical and emotional response

A

Stress reaction

22
Q

Theory that states stress arises less from physical events but more from the assessment/interpretation of those stresses/events

who is responsible for this theory?

A

Appraisal Theory of Stress

Richard Lazarus

-Same theory of emotion guy

23
Q

Initial evaluation(assessment) of stress (right now)

A

Primary Appraisal

24
Q

what are the 3 interpretations that one can make in the primary appraisal stage of stress?

A

Irrelevent- the stessor isnt going to effect me

Benign- the stessor is positive

Stressful- the stressor is negative

25
Q

what is secondary appraisal?

A

what harm has this stressor caused or what harm will it cause?

Harm/ Threat

26
Q

what are the 4 categories of stressors?

A

1) significant life changes
2) catastrophic events
3) Daily Hassels
4) Ambient stressors

27
Q

what is an ambient stressor?

A

global stressors that are integrated into the ENVIRONMENT

can be unaware of these

Example: Pollution, Noise, Crowding

28
Q

who came up with the “fight or Flight” response definition of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Walter Cannon

Mnemonic: Cannons are a form of fighting

29
Q

what is the endocrine response to stress?

A

1) Adrenal Medulla Releases Catecholamines
2) Adrenal Cortex releases Cortisol (glucocorticoid)

acronym CORTisol is released by the CORTex

30
Q

what are examples of Catecholamines

A

Epinephrin/adrenaline
and
Norepinephrine/ noradrenaline

31
Q

what is the role of cortisol in stress?

A

redistributes glucose energy in body

supresses Immune system

32
Q

where are our adrenal glands located?

A

On top of your kidneys

33
Q

what is the opposite response to the fight or flight response? What hormone is responsible for this response?

A

“Tend or Befriend”

Oxytocin
-Integrated with estogen(more common in women)

34
Q

Hans Selye’s overview of the Stress response, in which he identified 3 distinct phases

what are the phases?

A

General Adaptation Syndrome
(G.A.S)

1-Alarm
2-Resistance
3-Exhaustion

35
Q

inability to experience pleasure–> so perceive more stress

A

anhedonia

36
Q

what physiological areas of the body are effected by Chronic Stress?

A

1) Heart
2) Metabolism
3) Reproductive
4) Immune Function

37
Q

Chronic stress effects on heart

A

hypertension + vacular disease leads too —>Coronary Artery disease

38
Q

Chronic stress effects on effects on reproduction

A

In women–reduced FSH/LH

In Men-Reduced Testosterone

39
Q

what are the two areas of the brain with the most glucocorticoid(cortisol) receptors

A

Hippocampus and frontal Cortex

40
Q

what is the major emotional responses to stress?

A

Depression

41
Q

what part of the frontal cortex stops responding to serotonin when the body is stressed?

A

anterior cingulate

(anterior part of the frontal cortex)

(acronym:
anterior cingulate responds to serotonin- Anterior designers are CINGLEate
(single) and love SEXetonin….when
they get stressed they stop having SEXetonin (stop responding to serotonin)

42
Q

what are 3 strategies to cop with stress?

A

1) Perceived control
“king of your own castle”
2)optimism
3)social support

43
Q

refers to the coping responses of minority groups in an attempt to fit in

A

Low-effort syndrom or low effort coping

-minorities put in less effort because they believe they are being discriminated against

Khan Academy MCAT notes (32 decks)

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