Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

2ND YR 1S > PRL U4 > Flashcards

PRL U4 Flashcards

1
Q

Parasite

African trypanosomiasis

A

Trypanosoma brucei brucei
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Parasite

Chagas disease, American trypanosomiasis

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parasite

Leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania spp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Parasite

Malaria

A

Plasmodium spp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Parasite

Babesia

A

Babesia spp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vector of Trypanosoma brucei complex

A

Glossina spp. (Tsetse fly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vector of Trypanosoma cruzi

A

Triatoma (“kissing”) bugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vector of Leishmania spp.

A

Phlebotomine sand flies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vector of Malaria

A

Anopheles mosquitoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vector of Babesia spp.

A

Ticks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 morphological forms

A
  1. Amastigote – (Donovan Leishman)
  2. Promastigote – (Leptomonas)
  3. Epimastigote – (Crithidia)
  4. Trypomastigote
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Characteristics of Amastigote

A

non-flagellated oval form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Characteristics of Promastigote

A

Flagellated stage found in the vector, rarely seen in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Characteristics of Epimastigote

A

Long, slender flagellated form Found in arthropod vectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Characteristics of Trypomastigote

A

has undulating membrane running the length of the body, found in the vector and bloodstream of humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

forms are found in Trypanosoma cruzi infections

A

All forms : amastigote, promastigote, epimastigote, trypomastigote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

forms seen in Trypanosoma brucei infections

A

epimastigote and trypomastigote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

forms seen in Leishmania infections

A

amastigote and promastigote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Diagnostic Stages (found in humans)

A

amastigote and or trypomastigote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mature forms

A

promastigote, epimastigote, trypomastigote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Trypanosoma is also called

A

African Sleeping Sickness
American Trypanosomiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

General characteristics of Trypanosoma

A
  • Multiply by binary fission
  • Found in the blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi Infective Stage

A

Metacyclic trypomastigote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi Diagnostic Stage

A

Humans : amastigote
Blood : trypomastigote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Diagnosis of Trypanosoma is made by

A

microscopic examination of blood, CSF, lymph node aspirate, chancre aspirate, microhematocrit centrifugation, serologic testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Trypanosomiasis occurs mainly in

A

Africa and South America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

2 species of Trypanosoma brucei complex

A

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

causes African trypanosomiasis or african sleeping sickness

A

Trypanosoma brucei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Trypanosoma brucei infects (system)

A

the lymphatic system and CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Symptoms caused by Trypanosoma brucei

A

Swollen lymph nodes at the posterior base of the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Causes Chagas disease or American Trypanosomiasis

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

symptoms of Trypanosoma cruzi

A

lesion formation, conjunctivitis, edema of the face and legs, and heart muscle involvement leading to myocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

periorbital swelling caused by Trypanosoma cruzi

A

Romañas sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

other called African Trypanosomiasis

A

“African Sleeping Sickness”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

MOT African Trypanosomiasis

A

Mother to child infection, Blood transfusion, Sexual contact, Mechanical transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

East african Trypanosoma

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Primary reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

A

Animals (wild and domestic), antilope, cows and carabaos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Illness caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

A

Acute (early CNS invasion), <9 mos

39
Q

Lymphadenopathy of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

40
Q

Parasitemia of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

41
Q

Epidemiology of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

A

Antropozoonosis

42
Q

Recommended specimes

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

A

Chancre aspirate, lymph node aspirate, blood, CSF

43
Q

West african Trypanosoma

A

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

44
Q

Primary reservoirs

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

45
Q

Illness

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

A

Chronic (late CNS invasion), months to years

46
Q

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

47
Q

Lymphadenopathy

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

48
Q

Parasitemia

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

49
Q

Epidemiology

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

A

Anthroponosis, rural populations

50
Q

Recommended specimens

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

A

Chancre aspirate, lymph node aspirate, blood, CSF

51
Q

Initial lesion of African Trypanosomiasis

A

local, painful, pruritic, erythematous

52
Q

African Trypanosomiasis Stage 1

A

Early HAT (Haemolymphatic Stage)

53
Q

Symptoms of African Trypanosomiasis Stage 1

A

Fever
Headache
Joint pain
Malaise
Winter bottom’s sign

54
Q

Occurs when trypomastigotes enter the hemolymphatic system to
undergo asexual reproduction

A

Early HAT (Haemolymphatic Stage)

55
Q

enlargement of cervical lymph node

A

Winter bottom’s sign

56
Q

has CNS involvement

A

Late HAT (Meningoencephalitic stage)

57
Q

delayed sensation caused by trypanosomes affecting BBB

A

Kerandel’s sign

58
Q

Symptoms of Late HAT (Meningoencephalitic stage)

A
  • Sleeping sickness
  • Neurologic symptoms
  • Personality changes, headaches, and withdrawal from the environment
  • Nocturnal
  • Insomnia
  • Daytime lethargy
  • Secondary infections = pneumonia
59
Q

Stage 1 treatment

A

Pentamidine, Suramin

60
Q

Stage 2 treatment

A

Melarsoprol, Eflornithine, Nifurtimox

61
Q

Prevention of African Trypanosomiasis

A
  • Control in the reservoir like livestock
  • Remove scrub
  • Education
  • Public awareness
  • Hygiene
62
Q

Diagnosis of African Trypanosomiasis

A
  • Demonstration of trypomastigote in chancre, lymph node aspirate, CSF
  • Thick and thin blood smear (Giemsa)
  • Buffy coat concentration
  • Lymph node aspirates
63
Q

other term for American Trypanosomiasis

A

Chagas Disease or South American trypanosomiasis

64
Q

Transmission of American Trypanosomiasis

A
  • Mediated via vectors = Kissing Bugs
  • Ingestion of food contaminated with parasites
  • Blood transfusions
  • Fetal transfusion
  • T. cruzi = by Carlos Chagas
65
Q

Diagnostic stage of American trypanosomiasis

A
  1. Trypomastigotes: bloodstream
  2. Amastigotes: tissue cells
66
Q

Pathogenesis of American Trypanosomiasis (Acute phase)

A
  • 1 week after infection
  • Fever, lymph node enlargement,
    unilateral swelling of eyelids
  • Damaged muscle cells and
    edema
67
Q

Pathogenesis of American Trypanosomiasis (Intermediate phase)

A

Asymptomatic

67
Q

MOT of Romana’s sign

A

accidentally rubbing of eyes using hands with feces

68
Q

Pathogenesis of American Trypanosomiasis (Chronic phase)

A

Cardiac manifestation & gastrointestinal manifestation

69
Q

Diagnosis stage of Acute Phase

A
  1. Wet smear – blood, CSF = examination for motile
    trypomastigote
  2. Thick and Thin Smear (Stain = Giemsa)
  3. CSF, tissue samples, lymph examination
  4. Xenodiagnosis
70
Q

Diagnosis stage of Chronic Phase

A

Serological testing

71
Q

Leishmaniasis Old World

A

L. tropica, L. aethiopica, L. major

72
Q

Leishmaniasis New World

A

L. mexicana, L. amazonensis, L. guyanensis, L. braziliensis, L. chagasi

73
Q

Agent of Leishmaniasis

A

Phlebotomus sp. (old world); Lutzomyia (new world)

74
Q

Primarily a zoonotic disease

A

Leishmaniasis

75
Q

most common form of leishmaniasis

A

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL)

76
Q

causes Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL)

A

Leishamania tropica

77
Q

Usually with one or more painless ulcers

A

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL)

78
Q

Usually occurs months or years after healing of primary CL

A

Mucosal/Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (ML)

79
Q

Etiologic agent of Mucosal/Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (ML)

A

L. braziliensis

80
Q

can cause destruction of the nasal septum, palate, and other mucosal structures, leading to devastating facial mutilation and, rarely, death from airway involvement

A

Mucosal/Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (ML)

81
Q

Lesions confused with lepromatous leprosy

A

Diffuse or disseminated CL (DCL)

82
Q

nodules are often described as soft and fleshy, while those of leprosy are
generally more indurated.

A

Diffuse or disseminated CL (DCL)

83
Q

febrile illness with weight loss, enlargement of the spleen and liver, and decreases in the production of blood cells

A

Visceral Leismaniasis (VL)

84
Q

Etiologic agent of Visceral Leismaniasis (VL)

A

L.donovani and L.infantum

85
Q

Agent of visceral fever/ Dum-dum fever/ Donovani Kala-azar fever (VL)

A

Leishmania donovani

86
Q

Agent of cutaneous oriental sore

A

Leishmania tropica

87
Q

Agent of mucocutaneous lesion/ mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania braziliensis

88
Q

Diagnosis of Leishmaniasis

A

Sx: Tissue biopsy, skin, spleen, lymphnodes

89
Q

Tests for Leishmaniasis

A
  • Stained smears
  • Culture (NNNmedium;Schneider’smedium)
  • Montenegro skin test - Intradermal Testing
90
Q

Treatment for Leishmaniasis

A

Amphotericin B; Pentamidine; Nifurtimox & Antimony compounds

91
Q

Epidemiology of Leishmaniasis

A

Primarily a disease of poverty

92
Q

Prevention of Leishmaniasis

A

Early diagnosis and effective treatment
Vector control
Effective disease surveillance
Control of animal reservoir hosts
Social mobilization and strengthening partnerships

2ND YR 1S (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions