PRL NMT Ascaris, Trichuris, Enterobius Flashcards
1
Q
“true roundworms”
A
Nematodes
2
Q
Characteristics of nematodes
A
- Non-segmented, elongated
- Bilaterally symmetrical (when cut longitudinally)
- Cylindrical
- With complete digestive system
3
Q
How are nematodes acquired
A
- Egg is ingested
- Larva penetrates the skin
- Via vector*
4
Q
T/F Sexes are separate in nematodes
A
True
5
Q
Difference of male and female in nematodes
A
- Female – larger pointed posterior; with no spicule
- Male - small, curved posterior; with spicule
6
Q
Stages of life cycle of nematodes
A
- Egg stage
- larval stage
- adult stage
7
Q
Female Types of Nematodes
A
- Oviparous = “egg laying
- Larviparous/Viviparous = lays larva
8
Q
Parthenogenetic
A
free-living; may or may not require male for fertilization/ may or may not require male for copulation/reproduction
9
Q
segmented egg
A
Embryonated egg
10
Q
Ascaris lumbricoides
Common name
A
Giant Intestinal Roundworm
11
Q
Ascaris lumbricoides
Habitat
A
Small intestines
12
Q
Ascaris lumbricoides
Final Host
A
Man
13
Q
Ascaris lumbricoides
Final Host
A
Man
14
Q
Ascaris lumbricoides
Diagnostic Stage
Infective Stage
A
Diagnostic Stage: Ova found in stool (fertilized or unfertilized)
Infective stage: embryonated egg
15
Q
Ascaris lumbricoides
MOT
A
ingestion of embryonated egg
16
Q
Ascaris lumbricoides
Portal of entry
A
mouth
17
Q
Ascaris lumbricoides
Life span
A
12 months
18
Q
Ascaris lumbricoides
Mature or immature adults may be found in feces or may spontaneously migrate out of the
A
anus, mouth or nares
19
Q
Ascaris lumbricoides
Characteristics of cross section (mouth)
A
TRILOBATE = 2 ventral and 1 dorsal, with sensory papillae
20
Q
Ascaris lumbricoides
margin of the teeth is lined
A
minute teeth
21
Q
Ascaris lumbricoides
Parts of Male (cross section)
A
- Lateral line with excretory canal
- Intestine
- Cuticle & Hypodermis
- Longitudinal muscle layer
- Vas deferens
- Testes
- Pseudocoele
22
Q
Ascaris lumbricoides
Parts of Female Worm (cross section)
A
- Cuticle and hypodermis
- Longitudinal muscle layer
- Uterus
- Ovary
- Intestine
23
Q
Ascaris lumbricoides
Types of Eggs
A
- Fertilized Egg (Corticated, Decorticated)
- Unfertilized Egg (Corticated, Decorticated)
- Embryonated Egg
24
Q
Ascaris lumbricoides
eggs (45–75 by 35–50 μm) in 1-cell stage in feces
A
Bile-stained, mamillated, thick-shelled eggs
25
Ascaris lumbricoides
eggs (85–95 by 43–47 μm) have thinner shells and distorted mammillations
Infertile eggs / Unfertilized egg
26
Ascaris lumbricoides
Fertilized Decorticated Eggs layers
1. Glycogen layer
2. Lecithin/vitelline layer
(lipid)
27
Ascaris lumbricoides
Fertilized Corticated Egg layers
1. Albumin coat
2. Glycogen layer
3. Lecithin/vitellinelayer(lipid)
28
Ascaris lumbricoides
Difference of eggs
1. Fertilized Decorticated
2. Fertilized Corticated
3. Unfertilized, corticated
4. Embryonated
1. Fertilized Decorticated : round in shape
2. Fertilized Corticated : thick shell
3. Unfertilized, corticated : ovoid, with coarse lecithin granules
4. Embryonated : segmented with larva inside the egg
29
Ascaris lumbricoides
Pathology due to Larva
1. Visceral Larva Migrans
2. Ascaris Pneumonitis/ Loeffler Syndrome
3. Irritation of Intestinal mucosa
30
Ascaris lumbricoides (Disease)
happens when parasite migrates to lungs
Loeffler Syndrome
31
Ascaris lumbricoides (Disease Manifestation)
Due to Adult
- Bolus
- Erratism
- Epigastric pain
- Diarrhea
- Malnutrition
32
Ascaris lumbricoides
Diagnosis
DFS
Kato-katz Technique
FECT
X-Ray
*Zinc Sulfate Floatation CT
33
Ascaris lumbricoides
Treatment
Albendazole, Mebendazole
34
Ascaris lumbricoides
Prevention
1. Avoid using night soil
2. Observe proper hygiene
3. Education
35
Ascaris lumbricoides
Life Cycle
1. Ingestion of embryonated egg
2. Embryonated egg ingested by humans
3. Larva goes to small intestine
4. Larva goes to lungs > portal vein > heart > lungs
5. Completes maturation at lungs
6. Engulfs back to the small intestine to lay eggs
7. Feces
36
Trichuris trichiura
common name
whip worm
37
Trichuris trichiura
Habitat
Large intestines
38
Trichuris trichiura
Final Host
Man
39
Trichuris trichiura
MOT
ingestion of embryonated egg
40
Trichuris trichiura
IS & DS
IS : Embryonated egg
DS : Ova
41
Trichuris trichiura
Disease Manifestation
1. Anemia
2. Rectal prolapse
3. Bacterial infection
4. IDA
5. Diarrhea
6. Hypoalbuminenuria
42
Trichuris trichiura
Difference of Female and Male worm
Female - thicker,
Male - curved posterior, slender body, has refractile sheath
43
Trichuris trichiura
Characteristic of eggs (shape)
- Lemon-shaped
- Barrel-shaped
- Football shaped
- Japanese lantern appearance
44
Trichuris trichiura
Characteristic of eggs
- Yellowish outer shell and transparent inner shell
- Shell is nonstriated
45
Trichuris trichiura
Larva inside the egg
L1; rhabditiform larva
46
Trichuris trichiura
Unique characteristic in eggs
has prominent hyaline plugs
47
Trichuris trichiura
Diagnosis
1. DFS
2. Kato-Katz
3. Concentration techniques
4. FLOTAC technique (FECT)
48
Trichuris trichiura
Epidemiology
- More common in tropical areas
- Common among children
49
Trichuris trichiura
Treatment
Mebendazole
50
Trichuris trichiura
Life Cycle
1. Ingestion of embryonated egg
2. Goes to small intestine (maturation)
3. Goes to large intestine for sexual reproduction
- Female : eggs; Male : copulation
4. Stool
5. Soil
51
Enterobius vermicularis
Common name
pin worm, society worm, seat worm; Tiwa
52
Enterobius vermicularis
Habitat
large intestines
53
Enterobius vermicularis
FH
man
54
Enterobius vermicularis
happens when eggs hatch in perianal area, larva crawl back to large intestine
Retroinfection
55
Enterobius vermicularis
IS & DS
IS: embryonated egg*
DS: Ova and larva
56
Enterobius vermicularis
MOT
ingestion of embryonated egg
inhalation
retroinfection
autoinfection
57
Enterobius vermicularis
Unique characteristic of male worm
has wing-like structure (cephalic alae)
58
Enterobius vermicularis
Characteristic of egg (shape)
d-shaped, lopsided eggs, football shaped with a flattened side
59
Enterobius vermicularis
Characteristic of egg
- Thick, transparent shell
- Developing larva inside
60
Enterobius vermicularis
Layers of Enterobius vermicularis egg
1. Thick albuminous coat/layer
2. Lipoidal/Lipid layer
61
Enterobius vermicularis
Embryonation
4-6 hrs after oviposition
62
Enterobius vermicularis
Characteristics of adult female worm
thicker, uterus found all throughout body, oviposition at night
63
Enterobius vermicularis
Larva in egg
L1
64
Enterobius vermicularis
Characteristics of adult male worm
- Flask-shaped/ Bulb-like esophagus
- has one spicule
65
Enterobius vermicularis
Disease Manifestation
- Pruritus ani
- Weight loss
- Irritation
- Vaginitis
- Bacterial infection
66
Enterobius vermicularis
type of disease
Familial disease
67
Enterobius vermicularis
Diagnosis
1. Cellulose tape Method
2. DFS = have 5% survival in stool
3. Swellengrebel method
4. Floatation Technique
68
Enterobius vermicularis
instead of scotch tape, make use of a pestle with petrolatum or
petroleum jelly
Swellengrebel method
69
Enterobius vermicularis
# negative swabs before reporting as negative
7 negative swabs
70
Enterobius vermicularis
Treatment
Mebendazole Albendazole, Pyrantel Pamoate
71
Enterobius vermicularis life cycle
1. Embryonated egg
2. MOT
3. Larva goes to duodenum
4. Goes to large intestine for copulation
5. Gravid female
6. Goes to peri-anal (oviposite)
7. Embryonation
72
This term refers to the absence of mammillary coat in an Ascaris egg
Ascaris lumbricoides Decorticated Egg
73
What do you call the structures found on polar ends of Trichuris eggs
prominent hyaline plugs
74
Scotch tape is best done
Enterobius vermicularis
75
T/F Ascaris lumbricoides is capable of heart lung migration
True
76
T/F Presence of spicules is unique for a female nematode
False; male
77
T/F Cephalic alae is found in the anterior end of adult Enterobius vermicularis
True
78
T/F Male pinworm can be recovered in scotch tape swab
False
79
This term refers to absence of a mammillary coat in an Ascaris egg
Decortication
80
What do you call the structures found on polar ends of the Trichuris eggs
Polar hyaline plugs
81
Scotch tape swab is best done
Early morning
82
