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2ND YR 1S > PRL NMT Ascaris, Trichuris, Enterobius > Flashcards

PRL NMT Ascaris, Trichuris, Enterobius Flashcards

1
Q

“true roundworms”

A

Nematodes

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2
Q

Characteristics of nematodes

A
  • Non-segmented, elongated
  • Bilaterally symmetrical (when cut longitudinally)
  • Cylindrical
  • With complete digestive system
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3
Q

How are nematodes acquired

A
  1. Egg is ingested
  2. Larva penetrates the skin
  3. Via vector*
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4
Q

T/F Sexes are separate in nematodes

A

True

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5
Q

Difference of male and female in nematodes

A
  1. Female – larger pointed posterior; with no spicule
  2. Male - small, curved posterior; with spicule
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6
Q

Stages of life cycle of nematodes

A
  1. Egg stage
  2. larval stage
  3. adult stage
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7
Q

Female Types of Nematodes

A
  1. Oviparous = “egg laying
  2. Larviparous/Viviparous = lays larva
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8
Q

Parthenogenetic

A

free-living; may or may not require male for fertilization/ may or may not require male for copulation/reproduction

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9
Q

segmented egg

A

Embryonated egg

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10
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Common name

A

Giant Intestinal Roundworm

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11
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Habitat

A

Small intestines

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12
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Final Host

A

Man

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13
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Final Host

A

Man

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14
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Diagnostic Stage
Infective Stage

A

Diagnostic Stage: Ova found in stool (fertilized or unfertilized)
Infective stage: embryonated egg

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15
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

MOT

A

ingestion of embryonated egg

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16
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Portal of entry

A

mouth

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17
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Life span

A

12 months

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18
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Mature or immature adults may be found in feces or may spontaneously migrate out of the

A

anus, mouth or nares

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19
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Characteristics of cross section (mouth)

A

TRILOBATE = 2 ventral and 1 dorsal, with sensory papillae

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20
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

margin of the teeth is lined

A

minute teeth

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21
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Parts of Male (cross section)

A
  1. Lateral line with excretory canal
  2. Intestine
  3. Cuticle & Hypodermis
  4. Longitudinal muscle layer
  5. Vas deferens
  6. Testes
  7. Pseudocoele
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22
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Parts of Female Worm (cross section)

A
  1. Cuticle and hypodermis
  2. Longitudinal muscle layer
  3. Uterus
  4. Ovary
  5. Intestine
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23
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Types of Eggs

A
  1. Fertilized Egg (Corticated, Decorticated)
  2. Unfertilized Egg (Corticated, Decorticated)
  3. Embryonated Egg
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24
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

eggs (45–75 by 35–50 μm) in 1-cell stage in feces

A

Bile-stained, mamillated, thick-shelled eggs

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25
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

eggs (85–95 by 43–47 μm) have thinner shells and distorted mammillations

A

Infertile eggs / Unfertilized egg

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26
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Fertilized Decorticated Eggs layers

A
  1. Glycogen layer
  2. Lecithin/vitelline layer
    (lipid)
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27
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Fertilized Corticated Egg layers

A
  1. Albumin coat
  2. Glycogen layer
  3. Lecithin/vitellinelayer(lipid)
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28
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Difference of eggs
1. Fertilized Decorticated
2. Fertilized Corticated
3. Unfertilized, corticated
4. Embryonated

A
  1. Fertilized Decorticated : round in shape
  2. Fertilized Corticated : thick shell
  3. Unfertilized, corticated : ovoid, with coarse lecithin granules
  4. Embryonated : segmented with larva inside the egg
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29
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Pathology due to Larva

A
  1. Visceral Larva Migrans
  2. Ascaris Pneumonitis/ Loeffler Syndrome
  3. Irritation of Intestinal mucosa
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30
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides (Disease)

happens when parasite migrates to lungs

A

Loeffler Syndrome

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31
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides (Disease Manifestation)

Due to Adult

A
  • Bolus
  • Erratism
  • Epigastric pain
  • Diarrhea
  • Malnutrition
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32
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Diagnosis

A

DFS
Kato-katz Technique
FECT
X-Ray
*Zinc Sulfate Floatation CT

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33
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Treatment

A

Albendazole, Mebendazole

34
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Prevention

A
  1. Avoid using night soil
  2. Observe proper hygiene
  3. Education
35
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Life Cycle

A
  1. Ingestion of embryonated egg
  2. Embryonated egg ingested by humans
  3. Larva goes to small intestine
  4. Larva goes to lungs > portal vein > heart > lungs
  5. Completes maturation at lungs
  6. Engulfs back to the small intestine to lay eggs
  7. Feces
36
Q

Trichuris trichiura

common name

A

whip worm

37
Q

Trichuris trichiura

Habitat

A

Large intestines

38
Q

Trichuris trichiura

Final Host

A

Man

39
Q

Trichuris trichiura

MOT

A

ingestion of embryonated egg

40
Q

Trichuris trichiura

IS & DS

A

IS : Embryonated egg
DS : Ova

41
Q

Trichuris trichiura

Disease Manifestation

A
  1. Anemia
  2. Rectal prolapse
  3. Bacterial infection
  4. IDA
  5. Diarrhea
  6. Hypoalbuminenuria
42
Q

Trichuris trichiura

Difference of Female and Male worm

A

Female - thicker,
Male - curved posterior, slender body, has refractile sheath

43
Q

Trichuris trichiura

Characteristic of eggs (shape)

A
  • Lemon-shaped
  • Barrel-shaped
  • Football shaped
  • Japanese lantern appearance
44
Q

Trichuris trichiura

Characteristic of eggs

A
  • Yellowish outer shell and transparent inner shell
  • Shell is nonstriated
45
Q

Trichuris trichiura

Larva inside the egg

A

L1; rhabditiform larva

46
Q

Trichuris trichiura

Unique characteristic in eggs

A

has prominent hyaline plugs

47
Q

Trichuris trichiura

Diagnosis

A
  1. DFS
  2. Kato-Katz
  3. Concentration techniques
  4. FLOTAC technique (FECT)
48
Q

Trichuris trichiura

Epidemiology

A
  • More common in tropical areas
  • Common among children
49
Q

Trichuris trichiura

Treatment

A

Mebendazole

50
Q

Trichuris trichiura

Life Cycle

A
  1. Ingestion of embryonated egg
  2. Goes to small intestine (maturation)
  3. Goes to large intestine for sexual reproduction
    - Female : eggs; Male : copulation
  4. Stool
  5. Soil
51
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

Common name

A

pin worm, society worm, seat worm; Tiwa

52
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

Habitat

A

large intestines

53
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

FH

A

man

54
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

happens when eggs hatch in perianal area, larva crawl back to large intestine

A

Retroinfection

55
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

IS & DS

A

IS: embryonated egg*
DS: Ova and larva

56
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

MOT

A

ingestion of embryonated egg
inhalation
retroinfection
autoinfection

57
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

Unique characteristic of male worm

A

has wing-like structure (cephalic alae)

58
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

Characteristic of egg (shape)

A

d-shaped, lopsided eggs, football shaped with a flattened side

59
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

Characteristic of egg

A
  • Thick, transparent shell
  • Developing larva inside
60
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

Layers of Enterobius vermicularis egg

A
  1. Thick albuminous coat/layer
  2. Lipoidal/Lipid layer
61
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

Embryonation

A

4-6 hrs after oviposition

62
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

Characteristics of adult female worm

A

thicker, uterus found all throughout body, oviposition at night

63
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

Larva in egg

A

L1

64
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

Characteristics of adult male worm

A
  • Flask-shaped/ Bulb-like esophagus
  • has one spicule
65
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

Disease Manifestation

A
  • Pruritus ani
  • Weight loss
  • Irritation
  • Vaginitis
  • Bacterial infection
66
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

type of disease

A

Familial disease

67
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

Diagnosis

A
  1. Cellulose tape Method
  2. DFS = have 5% survival in stool
  3. Swellengrebel method
  4. Floatation Technique
68
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

instead of scotch tape, make use of a pestle with petrolatum or
petroleum jelly

A

Swellengrebel method

69
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

# negative swabs before reporting as negative

A

7 negative swabs

70
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

Treatment

A

Mebendazole Albendazole, Pyrantel Pamoate

71
Q

Enterobius vermicularis life cycle

A
  1. Embryonated egg
  2. MOT
  3. Larva goes to duodenum
  4. Goes to large intestine for copulation
  5. Gravid female
  6. Goes to peri-anal (oviposite)
  7. Embryonation
72
Q

This term refers to the absence of mammillary coat in an Ascaris egg

A

Ascaris lumbricoides Decorticated Egg

73
Q

What do you call the structures found on polar ends of Trichuris eggs

A

prominent hyaline plugs

74
Q

Scotch tape is best done

A

Enterobius vermicularis

75
Q

T/F Ascaris lumbricoides is capable of heart lung migration

A

True

76
Q

T/F Presence of spicules is unique for a female nematode

A

False; male

77
Q

T/F Cephalic alae is found in the anterior end of adult Enterobius vermicularis

A

True

78
Q

T/F Male pinworm can be recovered in scotch tape swab

A

False

79
Q

This term refers to absence of a mammillary coat in an Ascaris egg

A

Decortication

80
Q

What do you call the structures found on polar ends of the Trichuris eggs

A

Polar hyaline plugs

81
Q

Scotch tape swab is best done

A

Early morning

82
Q
A

2ND YR 1S (16 decks)

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