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2ND YR 1S > PR INTESTINAL COCCIDIANS & BABESIA > Flashcards

PR INTESTINAL COCCIDIANS & BABESIA Flashcards

1
Q

Apicomplexans found in the small intestine

A

Intestinal coccidians

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2
Q

Intestinal coccidians

FInal host

A

man

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3
Q

Intestinal coccidians

Reservoir hosts

A

animals

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4
Q

Intestinal coccidians

Partially acid fast possess

A

mycolic acid

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5
Q

Intestinal coccidians

Infective stage

A

sporulated oocyst

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6
Q

Intestinal coccidians

MOT

A

ingestion of sporulated oocyst (contaminated food and water)

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7
Q

Most common species infecting man

A

Cryptosporidium hominis

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8
Q

Cryptosporidium hominis

Habitat

A

small intestine (jejunum)

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9
Q

Cryptosporidium hominis

Target cells

A

enterocytes (intestinal cells, columnar cells with microvilli, brush border)

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10
Q

Cryptosporidium hominis

Large multiplication capability

A

autoinfection caused by the two types of cysts

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11
Q

Cryptosporidium hominis

MOT

A
  • Ingestion of sporulated oocyst
  • Drink contaminated water
  • Swim in recreational pools that are fecally contaminated
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12
Q

Cryptosporidium hominis

Disease Manifestation for Healthy Immunocompetent Patients

A
  • Watery diarrhea (5-10 frothy bowel movements)
  • Usually self-limiting (disappears in 2-3 weeks)
  • Important cause of outbreaks of diarrhea
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13
Q

Cryptosporidium hominis

Disease Manifestation for Immunocompromised patients

A
  • Chronic diarrhea
  • Extraintestinal infections
  • Cholecystitis
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14
Q

Cryptosporidium hominis

Pathology

A

Changes in the morphology of the villi
- blunted
- atrophy of villi

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15
Q

Cryptosporidium hominis

Diagnosis

A

Sheather’s Sugar Floatation, FECT, Modified Kinyoun Method

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16
Q

Cryptosporidium hominis

Preferred Sample

A

Stool, Duodenal aspiratesq

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17
Q

Cryptosporidium hominis

Epidemiology

A

Zoonotic infection

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18
Q

Cryptosporidium hominis

Treatment

A

no standardized treatment
Nitazoxanide

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19
Q

classified as CLB (cyanobacterium like body)

A

Cyclospora cayetanensis

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20
Q

Difference of Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cyrptosporidium hominis

A

Slight change in morphology of sporulated oocyst (presence of
sporocyst)

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21
Q

Cyclospora cayetanensis

Sporocyst contains

A

contains 2 sporozoites inside; 4 sporozoites in 1 oocyst

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22
Q

Cyclospora cayetanensis

Oocyst released is

A

Oocyst released is unsporulated

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23
Q

Cyclospora cayetanensis

undeveloped/undifferentiated structures inside the
unsporulated oocyst

A

Morula formation

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24
Q

Cyclospora cayetanensis

MOT

A
  • Ingestion of sporulated oocyst
  • Drinking/eating contaminated food and water
  • Associated with eating salads, strawberries, raspberries, basils, vegetables, fruits (raw and not
    thoroughly washed)
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25
Q

Cyclospora cayetanensis

Disease manifestation

A
  • Intermittent watery diarrhea
  • Development of d-xylose malabsorption
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26
Q

Cyclospora cayetanensis

Diagnosis

A

modified kinyoun method)

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27
Q

Cyclospora cayetanensis

Treatment

A

Self-limiting (no need for treatment), Co-trimoxazole

28
Q

least common infecting man and largest oocyst

A

Cystoisospora belli

29
Q

Cystoisospora belli

Infective Stage

A

sporulated oocysts

30
Q

Cystoisospora belli

Oocyst

A

Oval-shaped, 2 sporocysts with 4 sporozoites each

31
Q

Cystoisospora belli

undifferentiated structures inside

A

Sporoblasts

32
Q

Cystoisospora belli

MOT

A

Oral-fecal

33
Q

Cystoisospora belli

Disease Manifestation and Pathogenesis

A
  • Intermittent diarrhea
  • Infects intestinal cells of humans (duodenum)
  • Usually asymptomatic
  • Diarrhea with fever, malaise, anorexia, abdominal pain, and flatulence
  • Seen in immunocompromised patients
34
Q

Cystoisospora belli

Diagnosis

A
  • Entero-test
  • Duodenal aspirates
35
Q

Cystoisospora belli

Epidemiology

A

More common among children, AIDS patients, MSMs

36
Q

Cystoisospora belli

Treatment

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

37
Q

Tissue cysts contain bradyzoites

A

Toxoplasma gondii

38
Q

Parasite of cats

A

Toxoplasma gondii

39
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

intermediate host only (accidental)

A

Humans

40
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

Infective stage

A

sporulated oocyst or tissue cysts

41
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

MOT

A
  • Ingestion of sporulated oocyst or tissue cysts
  • Eating contaminated food/drink with feces of cat
  • Vertical transmission (especially if mom is infected during pregnancy
  • Eating cats (possible)
42
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

Diagnostic stage

A

Bradyzoites, Tachyzoites

43
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

Late stages, Multiply slowly, develop in visceral organs

A

Bradyzoites

44
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

Rapidly multiply, early stages of infection, crescent-shaped

A

Tachyzoites

45
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

Disease manifestation

A

asymptomatic; no diarrhea

46
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

Diagnosis

A

Sabin-Feldman Test

47
Q

almost all of us are actually exposed or positive for the parasite

A

Toxoplasma

48
Q

Sabin-Feldman Test positive and negative result

A
  1. Positive result: non-uptake of the dye (colorless)
  2. Negative result: blue color
49
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

Treatment

A

Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine

50
Q

Test used to detect congenital infections

A

TORCH Test

51
Q

Toxoplasma gondii pathogenesis

A

Obligate intracellular parasites (invade nucleated cells including macrophages)

52
Q

Blood-borne and vector-borne

A

Babesia spp.

53
Q

Babesia is transmitted by

A

ticks

54
Q

Babesia spp.

type of parasite

A

Heteroxenous parasite

55
Q

Babesia spp.

MOT

A
  • Bite of an infected tick (blood meal)
  • Blood transfusion
  • Vertical transmission
  • Organ transplant
  • Transovarian transmission
56
Q

Babesia spp.

DH and IH

A

DH : Tick
IH : Mammals

57
Q

Babesia spp.

Infective stage to intermediate hosts

A

sporozoites

58
Q

Babesia spp.

Morphology

A
  • no schizonts or gametocytes
  • Up to four trophozoites
  • Presence of up to four merozoites
59
Q

Babesia spp.

Arrangement of merozoites

A
  • Maltese Cross Arrangement (four merozoites)
  • Bunny Ears/Rabbit Ears Appearance (two merozoites)
60
Q

Babesia spp.

Disease Manifestation

A

Babesiosis, Piroplasmosis, Nantucket Fever, Splenic Fever, Redwater Fever, Tick fever,
or Texas Cattle Feve

61
Q

T/F Babesia spp. has no paroxysmal cycle

A

True

62
Q

Babesia spp.

Signs and symptoms

A

Mild chills and fever, Hemolytic anemia

62
Q

Babesia spp.

Immunity

A

innate and acquired immunity contribute to resolution of the primary infection

63
Q

Babesia spp.

Diagnosis

A

Examination of Giemsa stained smears, Serology L IFAT, Inoculation of animals

64
Q

Babesia spp.

gold standard for Babesia detection

A

PCR

65
Q

Babesia spp.

Treatment

A

Combination of Clindamycin and Quinine

2ND YR 1S (16 decks)

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