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2ND YR 1S > PR UNIT 1 > Flashcards

PR UNIT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to the association of 2 organisms that is beneficial to both

A

Mutualism

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2
Q

Which among the following is an example of a blood fluke?
- Ascaris
- Schistosoma
- Toxoplasma
- Entamoeba

A

Schistosoma

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3
Q

A parasite that can live independently of a host and can survive in its absence

A

Facultative

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4
Q

In malarial parasite, human acts as what kind of host?

A

Intermediate host

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5
Q

Refers to the rate of occurrence of new cases of a disease or condition

A

Incidence

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6
Q

Taenia solium

A

Tapeworm

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7
Q

Plasmodium Falciparum

A

Protozoan

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8
Q

Paragonimus westermani

A

Fluke

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9
Q

Schistosoma japonicum

A

Fluke

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10
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Roundworm

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11
Q

Refers to the association of 2 organisms where one benefits and do not cause any harm to the host

A

Commensalism

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12
Q

Balantidium coli is an example of a/an

A

Ciliate

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13
Q

Ribbon-like segmented flatworm that possesses a scolex belongs to the class

A

Cestoda

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14
Q

When cases already spread over several countries or continents, then it is described as

A

Pandemic

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15
Q

The causative agent of malaria belongs to the Genus

A

Plasmodium

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16
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A

Cestode

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17
Q

Giardia duodenalis

A

Protozoan

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18
Q

Tryapanosoma cruzi

A

Protozoan

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19
Q

Necator americanus

A

Nematode

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20
Q

Schistosoma mansoni

A

Trematode

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21
Q

association of two species for food and shelter

A

Symbiosis

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22
Q

beneficial to one partner and disadvantageous to the other

A

Commensalism

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23
Q

commensal inhabiting the colon or the large intestine; bacterial flora of the gut

A

Enatomoeba coli

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24
Q

symbiosis in which two organisms mutually benefit from each other

A

Mutualism

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25
Q

protozoans that can inhabit the gastrointestinal tract

A

Flagellates

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26
Q

where one organism lives in or on another depending on the latter for its survival

A

Parasitism

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27
Q

erodes the intestinal wall by destroying tissues by proteolytic enzyme

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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28
Q

no physiologic or biologic interaction that occurs between the host and the phoront

A

Phoresis

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29
Q

study of an organism that depends and an organism that provides shelter and nourishment

A

Parasitology

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30
Q

parasite found inside the host

A

Endoparasite

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31
Q

parasite found outside the host

A

Ectoparasite

32
Q

parasite found in an organ which is not its natural habitat

A

Erratic

33
Q

parasite found in the small intestine of humans but are sometimes erratic

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

34
Q

parasite typically found in the lungs; can find its way to the brain

A

Paragonimus westermani

35
Q

also called as lung flukes as they live in the lungs

A

Paragonimus westermani

36
Q

cannot survive in any other manner in the absence of a host

A

Obligate Parasite

37
Q

Obligate Parasites

A

ascaris, hookworm, trichuris, & tapeworm

38
Q

exist in a free-living state or may become parasitic when the need arises

A

Facultative Parasite

39
Q

Facultative Parasites

A

Strongyloides stercoralis
Pathogenic free-living amoeba

40
Q

obligatory at one or more stages in the life cycle

A

Temporary Parasite

41
Q

parasite that establishes itself in a host which it does not usually live

A

Accidental / Incidental Parasite

42
Q

parasite found in cats

A

Toxocora cati

43
Q

periodically seek other and larger forms on which to nourish themselves

A

Intermittent parasite

44
Q

remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life

A

Permanent parasite

45
Q

free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host

A

Temporary parasite

46
Q

free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host

A

Spurious Parasite

47
Q

parasite capable of producing or releasing immature eggs

A

Oviparous Parasite

48
Q

harbors or carries the mature (adult and sexual) stage of the parasite

A

Definitive / Final Host

49
Q

host that harbors the larval or asexual stage of the parasite

A

Intermediate Host

50
Q

where larval stage or asexual reproduction happens

A

Intermediate host

51
Q

difference of a paratenic host and a reservoir host

A
  1. Paratenic host - does not develop further to later stages to later stages and can infect other hosts
  2. Reservoir Host - alternative host to a parasite and become an additional source to human infection
52
Q

the only pathogenic ciliate

A

Balantidium coli

53
Q

responsible for transmission and harbors the infective stage of the parasite

A

Vectors

54
Q

stage of parasite that is needed in order to infect

A

Infective stage

55
Q

vector part of the life cycle of the parasite

A

Biologic Vector

56
Q

not part of the life cycle; purpose to transport parasite in its infective state

A

Mechanical Vectors / Phoretic Vector

57
Q

parasitic modes of transmission

A

oral, skin penetration, arthropod bites / vector borne, congenital transmission, transmammary, inhalation, sexual contact

58
Q

most common, contaminated food and water

A

Oral Transmission

59
Q

Taenia saginata

A

raw beef

59
Q

Taenia solium

A

raw pork

60
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A

contaminated water

61
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus

A

raw fish

62
Q

Clonorchis, Opisthorchis, Haplorchis

A

eating fish

63
Q

enters skin through infectious larvae

A

Skin penetration

64
Q

Cercariae

A

Schistosoma sp.

65
Q

filaform larvae

A

hookworms, strongyloides

66
Q

disease caused by mosquito vector

A

Malaria, Filiariasis

67
Q

disease caused by fly

A

Leishmaniasis, African trypanosomiasis, Onchocerciasism Loiasis

68
Q

disease caused by tick

A

babesiosis

69
Q

disease caused by reduviid bug

A

Chaga’s Disease

70
Q

passes through the placenta and can infect the fetus

A

Congenital Transmission

71
Q

acquired from cats

A

Toxoplasma gondii

72
Q

passes through the breast milk

A

Transmammary

73
Q

parasite acquired from the breast milk

A

Ancylostoma, Strongyloides

74
Q

causes pruritus ani and children are affected

A

Inhalation

75
Q

acquired through inhalation of airborne eggs

A

Enterobius vermicularis

76
Q

parasite acquired through sexual intercourse

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

2ND YR 1S (16 decks)

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