PRL NMT Capillaria Trichinella Hookworm Stronglyloides Flashcards by EJ E

Capillaria philippinensis is endemic to which specific place?

Pudoc, Ilocos Sur

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Habitat of C. philippinensis

Small Intestine

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Diagnostic stage of C. philippinensis

Ova in stool

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Infective stage of C. philippinensis

Larva in intermediate host

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MOT of C. philippinensis

Ingestion of raw/undercooked fish

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Two types of female adult C. philippinensis

Typical & Atypical

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Difference between typical and atypical C. philippinensis female adult

typical: egg in uterus, oviparous (8-10)
atypical: oviviparous, larviparous (40-45 eggs, 2-3 rows)

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Difference between the T. trichiuris egg and C. philippinensis egg

C. philippinensis has striations and has flattened bipolar plugs

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Appearance of C. philippinensis egg

Peanut/Guitar shaped

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Routine diagnosis for C. philippinensis

DFS

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Drug of choice for C. philippinensis

Mebendazole

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Alternative drug for C. philippinensis

Albendazole

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Other diagnostic tests for C. philippinensis

FECT, examination of duodenal aspirate, Kato-Katz

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Preferred sample for Trichinella spiralis

Muscle tissue (from gastrocnemius or deltoid muscle)

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Common name of Trichinella spiralis

Trichina worm, muscle worm

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“Dead-end” host of T. spiralis

Humans

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Habitat of adult T. spiralis

Small intestine

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Habitat of larvae T. spiralis

Striated muscle

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Diagnostic stage of T. spiralis

Encysted larva

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Infective stage of T. spiralis

Encysted larva

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Mode of transmission of T. spiralis

Ingestion

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Muscle tissue biopsy for T. spiralis is also called as _____

Squash preparation

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2 hypersensitivity reactions observed when intradermal test for T. spiralis is done

Wheal (redness) and Flare (swelling)

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2 Serological tests for T. spiralis

Bentonite Flocculation Test
Bachman Intradermal Test

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3 phases of pathology of T. spiralis

Enteric phase Invasion phase Convalescent phase

Function of the nurse cell in T. spiralis

Provide nutrition

Pathology of T. spiralis

Eosinophilia Preorbital swelling Muscular tenderness, pain Edema Diarrhea

_____ is found at the causal end of male T. spiralis

Cloacae

T/F: Male T. spiralis has no spicule

Color of male T. spiralis

Yellowish

Describe the papillae and testis of the male T. spiralis

2 pairs of large, fleshy conical papillae Single testis

Color of female T. spiralis

Pinkish

Describe the uterus of the female T. spiralis

Club shaped uterus (filled with >1 500 developing eggs and larva)

Length of male and female T. spiralis

Male: 1.4-1.6 mm) Female: 5 mm

Appearance of the T. spiralis larva

Spear-like burrowing tip anterior

Coils up in the muscle fiber and become encysted there

T. spiralis larva

Diagnostic stage of T. spiralis

Encysted larva

Infective stage of T. spiralis

Encysted larva

Muscle enzymes used to diagnose T. spiralis

LD, Aldolase, CK

Sample used in Bentonite Flocculation Test

Serum (detects antibody)

Diagnostic techniques for T. spiralis

Muscle biopsy Ultrasound Beck's Xenodiagnostic Test Bentonite Flocculation Test Bachman Intradermal Test Knott or membrane filtration concentration

At what stage of T. spiralis infection is Knott or membrane filtration concentration done?

During larval migration

Ratio of larval antigen dilution in Bachman intradermal test

1:5000 or 1:10000

Waiting time for Bachman intradermal test

15-20 minutes

Human hookworm species

Necator americanus Ancylostoma duodenale Ancylostoma celaynicum

Animal hookworm species

Ancylostoma braziliense (cats) Ancylostoma caninum (dogs)

Mode of transmission of hookworm

Skin penetration

Infective stage of hookworm

Filariform or L3 Larva

Diagnostic stage of hookworm

ova

Habitat of hookworm

Small intestine

Specimen used for the diagnosis of hookworm

Fecal specimen

Dental pattern of N. americanus

1 pair of semilunar cutting plates; dorsal median tooth; deep pair of triangular subventral lancets

Dental pattern of A. duodenale

2 pairs of fused ventral teeth

Dental pattern of A. caninum

3 pairs of ventral teeth

Dental pattern of A. braziliense

1 pair of larger outer teeth and 1 pair of very inconspicious median teeth

Copulatory bursa of N. americanus

Fused spicules; deep cleft; bipartite dorsal rays

Copulatory bursa of A. duodenale

Unfused spicules; shallow cleft; bipartite dorsal rays

Copulatory bursa of A. caninum

Bursa is supported by long slender rays

Copulatory bursa of A. braziliense

Bursa is supported by short stubby rays

Pathology of hookworms (humans)

Cutaneous stage: ground itch Pulmonary phase: pneumonitis Intestinal: Blood loss; iron deficiency anemia

Pathology of animal hookworms

Cutaneous larval migrans; eosinophilic enteritis

Diagnostic techniques for hookworms

DFS, concentration techniques, Kato-katz, culture techniques (Harada mori)

Treatment for hookworms

Albendazole, Mebendazole

Pathology of C. philippinensis

Intestinal capillariasis, mystery disease, severe watery diarrhea, gurgling stomach

Intermediate hosts of C. philippinensis

Bagsang, Bagsit, Ipon, Birot

New world hookworm

N. americanus

Old world hookworm

A. duodenale

Difference in the body curvature of A. duodenale and N. americanus

A. duodenale: "C" shaped N. americanus: "S" shaped

Normal life span of A. duodenale and N. americanus

15 or more years; usually 5-10 yrs

Which hookworm has a plain, simple, not barbed spicule?

A. duodenale

Which hookworm has a barbed spicule?

N. americanus

T/F: Hookworms are capable of heart-lung migration

The "open-mouth" stage of hookworm

Rhabditiform larva (L1)

Pathology of hookworm due to larva

Ground itch/dew itch Heart lung migration Wakana/Katayana Disease

Pathology of hookworm due to adult

Abdominal pain Bleeding Weakness Increased pulse rate Edema Anemia

Smallest nematode infecting man

Strongyloides stercoralis

Final host of S. stercoralis

Man

Habitat of S. stercoralis

Small intestine

Diagnostic stage of S. stercoralis

L1 larva

Infective stage of S. stercoralis

L3 larva

Mode of transmisison of S. stercoralis

Skin penetration

Common name of S. stercoralis

Thread worm

Pathology of S. stercoralis

Vietnam Diarrhea Larva Currens Strongyloidiasis Diarrhea Honey Comb Ulcers Cochin China Diarrhea

Appearance of S. stercoralis egg

Chinese Lantern Appearance

T/F: S. stercoralis eggs are rarely seen in examination

2 methods of Harada mori technique

Tube Petri Dish

Diagnostic tests for S. stercoralis

DFS, duodenal aspirate, Baermann technique, Harada mori, Agar plate culture for S. stercoralis, Beale's string test, Entero test, ELISA

Treatment for S. stercoralis

Ivermectin Albendazole Thiabendazole

The non-feeding stage; no sheath; fork-tailed/notched end form of S. stercoralis

Filariform larva

Also known as rat lung worm

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Other name of A. cantonensis

Panstrongylus cantonensis

Final host of A. cantonensis

Rats (Ratus norvigecus and Rattus rattus)

Accidental host of A. cantonensis

Man

Intermediate host of A. cantonensis

Mollusks (Acathina fulica; Giant African land snail)

Paratenic host of A. cantonensis

Prawn; crabs

Habitat of A. cantonensis

Lungs in the final host

Infective stage of A. cantonensis

L3 larva (rats), L1 larva (slugs and snails)

Appearance of uterine tubules of A. cantonensis

Barber's pole apperance

Appearance of the caudal bursa of male A. cantonensis

Kidney-shaped, single lobed

Diagnosis of A. cantonensis

Cell count (blood and spinal fluid eosinophilia) CT Scan ELISA