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2nd yr 1s > PRL NMT Capillaria Trichinella Hookworm Stronglyloides > Flashcards

PRL NMT Capillaria Trichinella Hookworm Stronglyloides Flashcards

1
Q

Capillaria philippinensis is endemic to which specific place?

A

Pudoc, Ilocos Sur

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2
Q

Habitat of C. philippinensis

A

Small Intestine

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3
Q

Diagnostic stage of C. philippinensis

A

Ova in stool

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4
Q

Infective stage of C. philippinensis

A

Larva in intermediate host

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5
Q

MOT of C. philippinensis

A

Ingestion of raw/undercooked fish

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6
Q

Two types of female adult C. philippinensis

A

Typical & Atypical

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7
Q

Difference between typical and atypical C. philippinensis female adult

A

typical: egg in uterus, oviparous (8-10)
atypical: oviviparous, larviparous (40-45 eggs, 2-3 rows)

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8
Q

Difference between the T. trichiuris egg and C. philippinensis egg

A

C. philippinensis has striations and has flattened bipolar plugs

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9
Q

Appearance of C. philippinensis egg

A

Peanut/Guitar shaped

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10
Q

Routine diagnosis for C. philippinensis

A

DFS

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11
Q

Drug of choice for C. philippinensis

A

Mebendazole

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12
Q

Alternative drug for C. philippinensis

A

Albendazole

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13
Q

Other diagnostic tests for C. philippinensis

A

FECT, examination of duodenal aspirate, Kato-Katz

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14
Q

Preferred sample for Trichinella spiralis

A

Muscle tissue (from gastrocnemius or deltoid muscle)

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15
Q

Common name of Trichinella spiralis

A

Trichina worm, muscle worm

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16
Q

“Dead-end” host of T. spiralis

A

Humans

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17
Q

Habitat of adult T. spiralis

A

Small intestine

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18
Q

Habitat of larvae T. spiralis

A

Striated muscle

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19
Q

Diagnostic stage of T. spiralis

A

Encysted larva

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20
Q

Infective stage of T. spiralis

A

Encysted larva

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21
Q

Mode of transmission of T. spiralis

A

Ingestion

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22
Q

Muscle tissue biopsy for T. spiralis is also called as _____

A

Squash preparation

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23
Q

2 hypersensitivity reactions observed when intradermal test for T. spiralis is done

A

Wheal (redness) and Flare (swelling)

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24
Q

2 Serological tests for T. spiralis

A

Bentonite Flocculation Test
Bachman Intradermal Test

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25
Q

3 phases of pathology of T. spiralis

A

Enteric phase
Invasion phase
Convalescent phase

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26
Q

Function of the nurse cell in T. spiralis

A

Provide nutrition

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27
Q

Pathology of T. spiralis

A

Eosinophilia
Preorbital swelling
Muscular tenderness, pain
Edema
Diarrhea

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28
Q

_____ is found at the causal end of male T. spiralis

A

Cloacae

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29
Q

T/F: Male T. spiralis has no spicule

A

T

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30
Q

Color of male T. spiralis

A

Yellowish

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31
Q

Describe the papillae and testis of the male T. spiralis

A

2 pairs of large, fleshy conical papillae

Single testis

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32
Q

Color of female T. spiralis

A

Pinkish

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33
Q

Describe the uterus of the female T. spiralis

A

Club shaped uterus (filled with >1 500 developing eggs and larva)

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34
Q

Length of male and female T. spiralis

A

Male: 1.4-1.6 mm)
Female: 5 mm

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35
Q

Appearance of the T. spiralis larva

A

Spear-like burrowing tip anterior

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36
Q

Coils up in the muscle fiber and become encysted there

A

T. spiralis larva

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37
Q

Diagnostic stage of T. spiralis

A

Encysted larva

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38
Q

Infective stage of T. spiralis

A

Encysted larva

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39
Q

Muscle enzymes used to diagnose T. spiralis

A

LD, Aldolase, CK

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40
Q

Sample used in Bentonite Flocculation Test

A

Serum (detects antibody)

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41
Q

Diagnostic techniques for T. spiralis

A

Muscle biopsy
Ultrasound
Beck’s Xenodiagnostic Test
Bentonite Flocculation Test
Bachman Intradermal Test
Knott or membrane filtration concentration

42
Q

At what stage of T. spiralis infection is Knott or membrane filtration concentration done?

A

During larval migration

43
Q

Ratio of larval antigen dilution in Bachman intradermal test

A

1:5000 or 1:10000

44
Q

Waiting time for Bachman intradermal test

A

15-20 minutes

45
Q

Human hookworm species

A

Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale
Ancylostoma celaynicum

46
Q

Animal hookworm species

A

Ancylostoma braziliense (cats)
Ancylostoma caninum (dogs)

47
Q

Mode of transmission of hookworm

A

Skin penetration

48
Q

Infective stage of hookworm

A

Filariform or L3 Larva

49
Q

Diagnostic stage of hookworm

A

ova

50
Q

Habitat of hookworm

A

Small intestine

51
Q

Specimen used for the diagnosis of hookworm

A

Fecal specimen

52
Q

Dental pattern of N. americanus

A

1 pair of semilunar cutting plates; dorsal median tooth; deep pair of triangular subventral lancets

53
Q

Dental pattern of A. duodenale

A

2 pairs of fused ventral teeth

54
Q

Dental pattern of A. caninum

A

3 pairs of ventral teeth

55
Q

Dental pattern of A. braziliense

A

1 pair of larger outer teeth and 1 pair of very inconspicious median teeth

56
Q

Copulatory bursa of N. americanus

A

Fused spicules; deep cleft; bipartite dorsal rays

57
Q

Copulatory bursa of A. duodenale

A

Unfused spicules; shallow cleft; bipartite dorsal rays

58
Q

Copulatory bursa of A. caninum

A

Bursa is supported by long slender rays

59
Q

Copulatory bursa of A. braziliense

A

Bursa is supported by short stubby rays

60
Q

Pathology of hookworms (humans)

A

Cutaneous stage: ground itch
Pulmonary phase: pneumonitis
Intestinal: Blood loss; iron deficiency anemia

61
Q

Pathology of animal hookworms

A

Cutaneous larval migrans; eosinophilic enteritis

62
Q

Diagnostic techniques for hookworms

A

DFS, concentration techniques, Kato-katz, culture techniques (Harada mori)

63
Q

Treatment for hookworms

A

Albendazole, Mebendazole

64
Q

Pathology of C. philippinensis

A

Intestinal capillariasis, mystery disease, severe watery diarrhea, gurgling stomach

65
Q

Intermediate hosts of C. philippinensis

A

Bagsang, Bagsit, Ipon, Birot

66
Q

New world hookworm

A

N. americanus

67
Q

Old world hookworm

A

A. duodenale

68
Q

Difference in the body curvature of A. duodenale and N. americanus

A

A. duodenale: “C” shaped
N. americanus: “S” shaped

69
Q

Normal life span of A. duodenale and N. americanus

A

15 or more years; usually 5-10 yrs

70
Q

Which hookworm has a plain, simple, not barbed spicule?

A

A. duodenale

71
Q

Which hookworm has a barbed spicule?

A

N. americanus

72
Q

T/F: Hookworms are capable of heart-lung migration

A

T

73
Q

The “open-mouth” stage of hookworm

A

Rhabditiform larva (L1)

74
Q

Pathology of hookworm due to larva

A

Ground itch/dew itch
Heart lung migration
Wakana/Katayana Disease

75
Q

Pathology of hookworm due to adult

A

Abdominal pain
Bleeding
Weakness
Increased pulse rate
Edema
Anemia

76
Q

Smallest nematode infecting man

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

77
Q

Final host of S. stercoralis

A

Man

78
Q

Habitat of S. stercoralis

A

Small intestine

79
Q

Diagnostic stage of S. stercoralis

A

L1 larva

80
Q

Infective stage of S. stercoralis

A

L3 larva

81
Q

Mode of transmisison of S. stercoralis

A

Skin penetration

82
Q

Common name of S. stercoralis

A

Thread worm

83
Q

Pathology of S. stercoralis

A

Vietnam Diarrhea
Larva Currens
Strongyloidiasis
Diarrhea
Honey Comb Ulcers
Cochin China Diarrhea

84
Q

Appearance of S. stercoralis egg

A

Chinese Lantern Appearance

85
Q

T/F: S. stercoralis eggs are rarely seen in examination

A

T

86
Q

2 methods of Harada mori technique

A

Tube
Petri Dish

87
Q

Diagnostic tests for S. stercoralis

A

DFS, duodenal aspirate, Baermann technique, Harada mori, Agar plate culture for S. stercoralis, Beale’s string test, Entero test, ELISA

88
Q

Treatment for S. stercoralis

A

Ivermectin
Albendazole
Thiabendazole

89
Q

The non-feeding stage; no sheath; fork-tailed/notched end form of S. stercoralis

A

Filariform larva

90
Q

Also known as rat lung worm

A

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

91
Q

Other name of A. cantonensis

A

Panstrongylus cantonensis

92
Q

Final host of A. cantonensis

A

Rats (Ratus norvigecus and Rattus rattus)

93
Q

Accidental host of A. cantonensis

A

Man

94
Q

Intermediate host of A. cantonensis

A

Mollusks (Acathina fulica; Giant African land snail)

95
Q

Paratenic host of A. cantonensis

A

Prawn; crabs

96
Q

Habitat of A. cantonensis

A

Lungs in the final host

97
Q

Infective stage of A. cantonensis

A

L3 larva (rats), L1 larva (slugs and snails)

98
Q

Appearance of uterine tubules of A. cantonensis

A

Barber’s pole apperance

99
Q

Appearance of the caudal bursa of male A. cantonensis

A

Kidney-shaped, single lobed

100
Q

Diagnosis of A. cantonensis

A

Cell count (blood and spinal fluid eosinophilia)
CT Scan
ELISA

101
Q
A

2nd yr 1s (16 decks)

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