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2nd yr 1s > PR CST GENERALITIES, D. LATUM, TAENIA SPP. > Flashcards

PR CST GENERALITIES, D. LATUM, TAENIA SPP. Flashcards

1
Q

Have a tape/ribbon like appearance

A

Cestodes

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2
Q

Adult worms appear as

A

flat and ribbon like

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3
Q

T/F All cestodes are hermaphrodites

A

T

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4
Q

T/F All cestodes are unsegmented

A

F; segmented

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5
Q

T/F Cestodes do not have a gastrointestinal tract and a circulatory system.

A

T

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6
Q

Cestodes obtain nutrients via absorption and diffusion through their ____________

A

tegument

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7
Q

Adult worms inhabit the

A

small intestine

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8
Q

body covering of cestodes

A

Tegument

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9
Q

Eggs (except for D. latum) are (characteristic)

A

non-operculated, embryonated

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10
Q

carbohydrate rich, useful for protection

A

Glycocalyx

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11
Q
  • attachment organ, holdfast organ
  • Used by parasites to attach to small intestine
A

Scolex

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12
Q

Cup-like suckers and adds to virulence

A

Acetabulate (Acetabulum)

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13
Q

slit-like groove or depression

A

Bothriate (Bothrium)

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14
Q

Bothriate (shape)

A

Spoon, spatulate, almond-shaped

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15
Q

T/F Bothrium has a rostellum, no hooks, no suckers

A

F, no rostellum

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16
Q

only parasite with bothria

A

D. latum

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17
Q

protruding structure where hooks are attached

A

Rostellum

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18
Q

Difference of armed and unarmed rostellum

A

Armed - has hooks / hooklets
Unarmed - no hooks

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19
Q

T/F Not all tapeworms have rostellum

A

T

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20
Q

region of growth, where proglottids arise

A

Neck

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21
Q

tapeworm segments

A

Proglottids

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22
Q

Segment of proglottid

  • Most proximal (closest to neck)
  • Still developing, no reproductive structures
A

Immature

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23
Q

Segment of proglottid

  • Presence of well-developed reproductive structures
  • Uterus, ovaries, testes, vitellaria, vas deferens (which connect to the genital pore)
A

Mature

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24
Q

Segment of proglottid

  • Most distal from neck
  • Filled with eggs
A

Gravid / Ripe

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25
Q

chain of proglottids

A

Strobila

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26
Q

process of formation of
proglottids

A

Strobilization/strobulation

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27
Q

Two Orders of Tapeworms

A

Order Pseudophyllidea
Order Cyclophyllidea

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28
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea is also called as

A

False Tapeworm

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29
Q

Order Cyclophyllidea is also called as

A

True Tapeworm

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30
Q

Determine what order

Scolex
- Spoon, almond, spatulate
- 2 slit like grooves (bothria)
- No rostellum and no hooks

A

Order Pseudophyllidea

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31
Q

Determine what order

Scolex
- Quadrate (square-like)
- May possess rostellum
- 4 cup like suckers

A

Order Cyclophyllidea

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32
Q

Difference of orders in strobila

A

Order Pseudophyllidea - anapolytic
Order Cyclophyllidea - apolytic

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33
Q

Difference of orders in vitellaria

A

Order Pseudophyllidea - diffused, not compact
Order Cyclophyllidea - compact and separate

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34
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea

Gravid Proglottid

A
  • all reproductive organs still present
  • rosette uterus
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35
Q

Order Cyclophyllidea

Gravid Proglottid

A
  • degenerate reproductive organs
  • only uterus and lateral branches seen
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36
Q

Difference of Orders

Uterine Pore

A

Order Pseudophyllidea - Present
Order Cyclophyllidea - Absent, eggs go out through genital pore

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37
Q

Difference of Orders

Ova

A

Order Pseudophyllidea - Oval, operculated, unembryonated
Order Cyclophyllidea - Spherical, non-operculated, embryonated

38
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea

Larval Stages

A
  • Coracidium
  • Procercoid
  • Plerocercoid
39
Q

Order Cyclophyllidea

Larval Stages

A
  • Cysticercus
  • Cysticercoid
  • Hydatid cyst
40
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea

IH

A

1st IH : Copepods
2nd IH : Freshwater fish

41
Q

Order Cyclophyllidea

IH

A

1 IH: lower forms of animals, arthropods, man

42
Q

parasite that does not require an intermediate host

A

Hymenolepis nana

43
Q

one of largest and longest tapeworms

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

44
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

Common name

A

Broad or Fish Tapeworm

45
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

FH

A

Man

46
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

Reservoir Host

A

Dogs, cats, other fish-eating mammals

47
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

Paratenic Host

A

Carnivorous Fish (can eat small fish with the larva)

48
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

Habitat

A

small intestine (ileum)

49
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

1st IH

A

Copepods (Cyclops and Diaptomus)

50
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

2nd IH

A

Freshwater fish (salmon, trout, pike, ruff, perch, etc.)

51
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

IS & DS

A

IS : Plerocercoid larva
DS : Egg

52
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

MOT

A

ingest raw, undercooked, or pickled freshwater fish with plerocercoid

53
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

Adult Worm (Uterus & Color)

A
  • presence of rosette uterus
  • whitish / milkish
54
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

Scolex

A
  • spoon shaped/ almond shaped
  • Bothriate (2)
  • no rostellum and hooklets
55
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

Egg

A
  • operculated and unembryonated
  • has knob-like thickening
56
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

Proglottids

A

wider than long

57
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

Disease Manifestation (Larva)

A

Sparganosis

58
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

Disease Manifestation (Adult Worms)

A
  • Bothriocephaus anemia
  • intestinal obstruction
  • diarrhea
  • abdominal pain
59
Q

Bothriocephalus anemia is mistaken as ______

A

pernicious anemia

60
Q

large RBCs (macrocytes) on blood smears

A

Bothriocephalus anemia

61
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

Diagnosis

A
  • Demonstration of Eggs (FECT, Kato-Katz DFS)
  • Demonstration of Proglottids
62
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

DOC

A

Praziquantel, Niclosamide

63
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

type of parasite that produces around a million eggs

A

Prolific parasite

64
Q

Taenia spp.

FH

A

Humans

65
Q

Taenia spp.

Habitat

A

small intestine

66
Q

Taenia solium

Common name

A

Pork tapeworm

67
Q

Taenia solium

IH

A

Pigs, Humans (during Cysticercosis)

68
Q

Taenia solium

IS

A

Cysticercus cellulosae
Eggs - during Cysticercosis

69
Q

Cysticercus cellulosae is also known as

A

Bladder Worm

70
Q

Taenia solium

MOT

A

Ingestion of measly pork or egg

71
Q

Taenia solium

Adult worm (Scolex)

A

Globular with 4 cuplike suckers
Armed rostellum
Double row of 25-30 hooklets

72
Q

Taenia solium

Mature Proglottid (Shape)

A

Wider than tall

73
Q

Taenia solium

Mature Proglottid (Ovary)

A

Trilobed ovary

74
Q

Taenia solium

Gravid Proglottid (Uterine branches)

A

5-13 lateral uterine branches (finger-like)

75
Q

Taenia solium

Pathology

A

Larva : Cysticercosis
Adult : Taeniasis

76
Q

Taenia saginata

Common name

A

Beef Tapeworm

77
Q

Taenia saginata

IH

A

Cattle

78
Q

Taenia saginata

IS

A

Cysticercus bovis (unarmed)

79
Q

Taenia saginata

MOT

A

Ingestion of raw or undercooked beef

80
Q

Taenia saginata

Adult worm

A

Whitish, opaque, cuboidal, no rostellum
Longer

81
Q

Taenia saginata

Scolex

A

Pyriform/Quadrate, no rostellum, no hooks

82
Q

Taenia saginata

Mature proglottid

A

broader than long; square shaped

83
Q

Taenia saginata

Gravid Proglottid

A

narrower and longer

84
Q

Taenia saginata

Gravid Proglottid (Uterine branches)

A

15-20 tree-like uterine branches

85
Q

Taenia saginata

Pathology

A

Larva : none
Adult : Taeniasis

86
Q

Taenia spp.

Eggs

A
  • indistinguishable
  • spherical brown and radially striated
  • Oncosphere with 6 hooklets
87
Q

Larva deposited to different to vital organs (skeletal muscle, brain)

A

Cysticercosis

88
Q

Taenia solium

Diagnosis

A

Stool exam, fine-needle aspiration cytology, X-ray, Immunoblot Assay, ELISa, EITB, PCR, MRI, CT Scan

89
Q

Taenia saginata

Diagnosis

A

Stool examination

90
Q

Taenia spp.

Diagnosis used to determine number of proglottids

A

Double Slide Compression Technique

91
Q

Taenia spp.

Treatment

A

Adult : Praziquantel and niclosamide
Cysticercosis : surgical removal/excisional biopsy + oral albendazole and corticosteroids

2nd yr 1s (16 decks)

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