PR TRM INTESTINAL & LUNG FLUKES Flashcards
Largest intestinal fluke
Fasciolopsis buski
Fasciolopsis buski
Common name
Giant Intestinal Fluke
Fasciolopsis buski
FH
Humans
Fasciolopsis buski
Reservoir Hosts
pigs, dogs, rabbits
Fasciolopsis buski
Habitat
Duodenum and jejunum (small intestine)
Fasciolopsis buski
1st intermediate host
Snails
- Segmentina, Hippeutis, Gyraulus
Fasciolopsis buski
2nd intermediate host
Water Plants
- Morning glory or kangkong
- Water caltrop
- Water chestnut
- Lotus
Fasciolopsis buski
IS
metacercaria
Fasciolopsis buski
MOT
ingestion of encysted metacercariae from aquatic plants
Fasciolopsis buski
Adult worms
Elongated, oval
Fasciolopsis buski
Suckers
Ventral sucker larger than oral sucker
Fasciolopsis buski
T/F The adult worm has a cephalic cone
F
Fasciolopsis buski
Intestinal ceca
simple and unbranched
Fasciolopsis buski
Testes and ovary
Testes : dendritic and in tandem
Ovary : branched, lies to right of midline
Fasciolopsis buski
Eggs, Operculum, Maturity
Hen’s egg appearance
Operculated
Embryonated
Fasciolopsis buski
Indistinguishable from __
Fasciola
Fasciolopsis buski
Disease Manifestation
- Intestinal Obstruction and Inflammation = bleeding
- Fasciolopsiasis
- Marked eosinophilia & malabsorption
Fasciolopsis buski
Diagnosis
DFS, FECT, Kato-Katz
Fasciolopsis buski
Treatment
Praziquantel
Echinostoma ilocanum
Common name
Garrison’s Fluke
Echinostoma ilocanum
Final host
humans
Echinostoma ilocanum
Reservoir hosts
dogs, cats, rats, pigs
Echinostoma ilocanum
Habitat
small intestine
Echinostoma ilocanum
1st intermediate host
Snails
- Gyraulus convexiusculus
- Hippeutis umbilicalis
Echinostoma ilocanum
2nd intermediate host
Pila luzonica (kuhol) and Vivipara angularis (susong pampang)
Echinostoma ilocanum
MOT
ingestion of metacercariae encysted in snails
Echinostoma ilocanum
IS
metacercaria
Echinostoma ilocanum
Adult worms (color and appearance)
- Reddish gray, tapers at the posterior end (thinner)
- Elongated and spatulate
Echinostoma ilocanum
Suckers
Ventral sucker bigger than oral sucker
Echinostoma ilocanum
Unique characteristic of sucker
- Circumoral disk
- 49-51 collar spines
- aids in attachment
Echinostoma ilocanum
Testes
deeply bilobed and in tandem
Echinostoma ilocanum
Intestinal ceca
simple and unbranched
Echinostoma ilocanum
Eggs (Color, Shape)
- Straw colored or light brown, operculated, ovoid
- Germ ball egg
Echinostoma ilocanum
Operculum, Maturity
Operculated (not observable)
Unembryonated
Echinostoma ilocanum
Size comparison to Fasciola
Fasciolopsis bigger
Echinostoma ilocanum
Disease manifestation
- Echinostomiasis : inflammation at site of attachment
- Bloody Diarrhea
- Intoxication
Echinostoma ilocanum
Diagnosis
Stool examination
- FECT
- Kato-Katz
Echinostoma ilocanum
DOC
Praziquantel
smallest fluke
Heterophyes heterophyes
Heterophyes heterophyes
Common name
Von Siebold’s Fluke
Heterophyes heterophyes
Final host
man, birds, various fish-eating mammals
Heterophyes heterophyes
MOT
ingestion of encysted metacercariae in fish
Heterophyes heterophyes
Habitat
small intestine
Heterophyes heterophyes
1st intermediate host
Snails
- Prionella conica
Heterophyes heterophyes
2nd intermediate host
Brackish and Saltwater Fishes
- Cyrprinidae
Mullet
- Mugil cephalus
Heterophyes heterophyes
IS
metacercaria
Heterophyes heterophyes
Adult worms (shape, tegument)
- Elongated, oval, or pyriform (pear-shaped)
- Tegument : Fine scale spines
Heterophyes heterophyes
Suckers
- Ventral sucker
- Oral sucker
- Genital sucker (gonotyl)
Heterophyes heterophyes
Testes and ovary
Testes : varied
Ovary : globular or lobed
Heterophyes heterophyes
Tegument
fine scale like spines
Heterophyes heterophyes
Eggs
Light brown color, ovoid, operculated, small
Heterophyes heterophyes
Operculum, Maturity
Operculated, Embryonated
Heterophyes heterophyes
Abopercular protuberance
No abopercular protruberance
Heterophyes heterophyes
Disease Manifestation
- local inflammation at site of attachment
- peptic ulcer diseases and acid peptide disease
- burrow deep into the intestinal wall
Heterophyes heterophyes
Diagnosis
- Egg : FECT, Kato-Katz
- Adults : Autopsy, Cardiac heterophydiasis
Heterophyes heterophyes
DOC
Praziquantel
Heterophyes heterophyes
Reservoir hosts
dogs, cats, birds
Paragonimus westermani
Common name
Oriental Lung Fluke
Paragonimus westermani
Habitat
lungs (encysted in lung tissue)
Paragonimus westermani
Paratenic host
boars (harbor larval stage)
Paragonimus westermani
Reservoir hosts
dogs, cats, field rats
Paragonimus westermani
1st intermediate host
Snails
- Brotia asperata
- Antemelania asperata
- Antemelania dactylus
Paragonimus westermani
2nd intermediate host
Freshwater crab / Talangka
- Sundathelphusa philippina
- Parathelphusa grapsoides
Crayfish
Paragonimus westermani
IS
metacercaria
Paragonimus westermani
MOT
ingestion of uncooked or undercooked crabs with metacercaria
Paragonimus westermani
part of parasite covered with spines, has an ellipsoidal body, and a small tail
Cercaria
Paragonimus westermani
play an important role in development of young parasites
Cysteine proteases
Paragonimus westermani
Adult worms (shape)
coffee bean shaped / spoon shaped
Paragonimus westermani
Adult worms (color)
Reddish brown
Paragonimus westermani
Adult worms (shape)
Rounded anteriorly and slightly tapered posteriorly
Paragonimus westermani
Fibrotic capsules
Found in pairs or threes undergo reproduction
Paragonimus westermani
small hole/covering where the egg will be released
Capsule
Paragonimus westermani
T/F It has presence of spines on tegument
T
Paragonimus westermani
Intestinal ceca
wavy
Paragonimus westermani
Testes
lobed, arranged in opposite (one side)
Paragonimus westermani
Ovary
anterior to testes and posterior to ventral sucker, has six long unbranched lobes
Paragonimus westermani
Eggs
- Golden brown, operculated, big and large
- Ridge : opercular shoulder
Paragonimus westermani
Operculum
- Presence of abopercular thickening
Paragonimus westermani
Eggs (embryonated/unembryonated)
Unembryonated
Paragonimus westermani
Disease Manifestation
- Lung Fluke Disease/Paragonimiasis
- Erratic Pragonimiasis
- mimic signs and symptoms of TB, chronic bronchitis, and bronchial asthma
Paragonimus westermani
Adult worms provoke
granulomatous reaction
Paragonimus westermani
Preferred sample
sputum
Paragonimus westermani
Diagnosis
- Stool Exam : FECT, Kato-Katz
- X-ray (nonspecific)
- Complement fixation
- Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) test
- Lung biopsy
Paragonimus westermani
DOC
Praziquantel
Similar to E. ilocanum
Artyfechinostomum malayanum
Artyfechinostomum malayanum
Collar spines
43-45 collar spines
Artyfechinostomum malayanum
Testes
2 large testes (6-9 lobes in tandem)
Artyfechinostomum malayanum
Eggs
larger, golden brown, operculated
Artyfechinostomum malayanum
Artyfechinostomum malayanum
2nd intermediate host
Lymnaea cumingiana (birabid)
Gastrodiscoides hominis
FH and RH
Final host: man
Reservoir host: pigs
Gastrodiscoides hominis
Habitat
colon
Gastrodiscoides hominis
1st intermediate host
Helicorbis coenosus
Gastrodiscoides hominis
2nd intermediate host
water plants
Gastrodiscoides hominis
Adult worm
- Pink / bright pink in appearance
- Conical anterior portion
- Prominent and notched ventral sucker
Gastrodiscoides hominis
Eggs
operculated, immature, greenish brownish
Gastrodiscoides hominis
Disease
Light infections : asymptomatic
Heavy infections : mucus diarrhea