Principles of pathology

Question 1

What is the definition of pathology?

Answer 1

The study of abnormalities

Question 2

What can abnormalities arise from?

Answer 2

Disorders of growth, Inflammation, Cell Death, Vascular disturbances, Accumulations

Question 3

What is aetiology?

Answer 3

The underlying cause

Question 5

What would you look for when providing a description in pathology?

Answer 5

Size, distribution, Location, consistency, (are there defined walls or not?)

Question 6

What is a morphologic diagnosis?

Answer 6

A one key sentence summary/ description of what you have seen

Question 7

What is anatomic pathology?

Answer 7

a study of tissues, can be biopsy or whole animal
(evaluates the architecture of the whole tissue)

Question 8

What is clinical pathology?

Answer 8

The study of blood and cells
(Haematology, Clinical chemistry, and Cytology)

Question 9

What is an example of an accumulation that may effect or cause an abnormality in cells?

Answer 9

Iron or Lipids

Question 10

What do you evaluate during haematology?

Answer 10

Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells and Platelets

Question 11

What are the two coagulation pathways you can test?

Answer 11

PT (extrinsic) and APTT (intrinsic)

Question 12

What is Clinical Chemistry?

Answer 12

an evaluation of substances/ proteins within the blood

Question 13

What is endocrinology?

Answer 13

An analysis of hormones

Question 14

What are the two different types of collecting urine?

Answer 14

Free Catch or Cystocentesis

Question 15

What can you analyse during urine cytology?

Answer 15

Sediment

Question 16

What is Cytology?

Answer 16

Evaluation of cells using aspirates, fluids and tape smears

Question 17

What is Immunocytochemistry?

Answer 17

antibody labelling of cells on smears

Question 18

What is flow cytometry?

Answer 18

antibody labelling of cells within fluids or fluid suspension (mixing antibodies with cells and labelling them)

Question 19

What are some examples of tests you can do in house?

Answer 19

Using a haemoanalyser, clinical chemistry analyser or a dipstick for urine analysis

Question 20

What tests cannot be done in house/ need to be sent off?

Answer 20

Molecular tests, Serology tests, Drug assays or any cytology/ haematology that is not straight forward

Question 21

What percentage of a blood sample should you take in a healthy animal?

Answer 21

no more than 1%
this can be reduced in unhealthy animals

Question 22

Why should you avoid gel tubes for drug assays

Answer 22

the gel can cause interference as the medication can stick to the sides of the tube

Question 23

What tube is preferred for reptiles?

Answer 23

EDTA tubes

Question 24

What colour tube is EDTA whole blood?

Answer 24

Pink/ Purple

Question 25

What colour tube is citrate plasma?

Answer 25

Green/ Purple

Question 26

What colour tube is plain serum?

Answer 26

Brown

Question 27

What colour tube is heparin plasma?

Answer 27

Orange

Question 28

What colour tube is fluoride oxalate? (glucose measurements)

Answer 28

yellow

Question 29

What tubes are not suitable for clinical chemistry?

Answer 29

EDTA whole blood and Citrate Plasma

Question 30

Why is it always important to fill it to the fill line?

Answer 30

so that there is a correct mix (especially if an anticoagulant)

Question 31

What tubes are suitable for clinical chemistry?

Answer 31

Plain serum, Heparin plasma and fluoride oxalate

Question 32

What are some examples of tests that need to be sent off to be processed in a specific way

Answer 32

cAMP molecular tests, SNAP elisa tests any sort of specific clinical chemistry or endocrinology assays?