Principles of pathology Flashcards
What is the definition of pathology?
The study of abnormalities
What can abnormalities arise from?
Disorders of growth, Inflammation, Cell Death, Vascular disturbances, Accumulations
What is aetiology?
The underlying cause
What would you look for when providing a description in pathology?
Size, distribution, Location, consistency, (are there defined walls or not?)
What is a morphologic diagnosis?
A one key sentence summary/ description of what you have seen
What is anatomic pathology?
a study of tissues, can be biopsy or whole animal
(evaluates the architecture of the whole tissue)
What is clinical pathology?
The study of blood and cells
(Haematology, Clinical chemistry, and Cytology)
What is an example of an accumulation that may effect or cause an abnormality in cells?
Iron or Lipids
What do you evaluate during haematology?
Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells and Platelets
What are the two coagulation pathways you can test?
PT (extrinsic) and APTT (intrinsic)
What is Clinical Chemistry?
an evaluation of substances/ proteins within the blood
What is endocrinology?
An analysis of hormones
What are the two different types of collecting urine?
Free Catch or Cystocentesis
What can you analyse during urine cytology?
Sediment
What is Cytology?
Evaluation of cells using aspirates, fluids and tape smears
What is Immunocytochemistry?
antibody labelling of cells on smears
What is flow cytometry?
antibody labelling of cells within fluids or fluid suspension (mixing antibodies with cells and labelling them)
What are some examples of tests you can do in house?
Using a haemoanalyser, clinical chemistry analyser or a dipstick for urine analysis
What tests cannot be done in house/ need to be sent off?
Molecular tests, Serology tests, Drug assays or any cytology/ haematology that is not straight forward
What percentage of a blood sample should you take in a healthy animal?
no more than 1%
this can be reduced in unhealthy animals
Why should you avoid gel tubes for drug assays
the gel can cause interference as the medication can stick to the sides of the tube
What tube is preferred for reptiles?
EDTA tubes
What colour tube is EDTA whole blood?
Pink/ Purple
What colour tube is citrate plasma?
Green/ Purple
What colour tube is plain serum?
Brown
What colour tube is heparin plasma?
Orange
What colour tube is fluoride oxalate? (glucose measurements)
yellow
What tubes are not suitable for clinical chemistry?
EDTA whole blood and Citrate Plasma
Why is it always important to fill it to the fill line?
so that there is a correct mix (especially if an anticoagulant)
What tubes are suitable for clinical chemistry?
Plain serum, Heparin plasma and fluoride oxalate
What are some examples of tests that need to be sent off to be processed in a specific way
cAMP molecular tests, SNAP elisa tests any sort of specific clinical chemistry or endocrinology assays?
