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VMS 2009 > Introduction to bacteriology > Flashcards

Introduction to bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

What are bacteria?

definition

A

Single cell organisms known as prokaryotes which have no chlorophyll and multiply by simple division

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2
Q

How many genes do bacteria have approximately?

A

between 2000-6000

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3
Q

What is the size range of bacteria?

A

0.1-0.2um to >50um

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4
Q

What is the average size of E.coli?

A

1x3 um

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5
Q

What are some bacteria that live in respiratory habitats?

A

Mycobacterium, Haemophilus

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6
Q

What are some bacteria that live in intestinal habitats?

A

Salmonella, E.Coli, Yersinia

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7
Q

What are some bacteria that live on the skin?

A

staphylococcus aureus

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8
Q

What are some bacteria that are systemic?

A

Streptococcus suis, Salmonella

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9
Q

What are some examples of bacteria in agriculture?

A

Nitrogen fixation
Nutrient cycling
Animal husbandry

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10
Q

What are some examples of using bacteria for Energy/ The Environment?

A

Biofuels (methane)
Bioremediation
Microbial Mining

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11
Q

What are some examples of using bacteria for disease?

A

Identifying new diseases
Treatment
Prophylaxis

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12
Q

What are some examples of using bacteria for food?

A

Food preservation
Fermented foods
Food additives

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13
Q

What are some examples of using bacteria for biotechnology?

A

Genetically modified organisms
Production of pharmaceuticals
Gene therapy for diseases

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14
Q

What are some types of bacteria?

A

Gram +/-
Rod, Cocci, Comma, Spiral, Filamentous
Aerobic, Anaerobic, Microaerophiic
Commensal, Pathogenic

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15
Q

What are some identifiers of Gram Positive bacteria?

A

Thicker Cell Wall
Lacking Cell envelope
Teichoic acid

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16
Q

What are some identifiers of Gram Negative bacteria?

A

Thin Cell Wall
Cell Envelope
Do not have Teichoic acid

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17
Q

What two bacteria are exceptions to the gram positive/ negative rule?

A

Mycobacteria- are gram positive but do not stain well
Spirochaetes- Gram negative but do not stain well

18
Q

What are some key points of Mycoplasma?

A
  • Very small bacteria that lack a cell wall
  • Many antibiotics are ineffective against them
  • Causes disease in humans and animals
    *arthritis, abortion, pneumonia, infertility, meningitis, mastitis *
19
Q

What are spores?

A

“mummified bacteria” that can be dormant for a long time

20
Q

Why do birds have fewer bacteria than other animals?

A

Their body temperature is around 42 degrees which prevents bacteria from growing

21
Q

What is the approx doubling time for E.Coli?

A

20 minutes

22
Q

What is the approx doubling time for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

20 hours

23
Q

What is the process that bacteria use to duplicate themselves?

A

Binary Fission

24
Q

What is needed to culture bacteria in a laboratory?

A
  • Nutrients (broth/agar plate)
  • Warmth (28-42 degrees)
  • Oxygen or lack of oxygen
  • Selective media (use of antibiotics or additives to remove unwanted bacteria
25
Q

What are some factors that influence infection?

A
  • Diversity, pathogenic determinants, Genetic exchange
  • Survival, Amplification, Transmission routes, Interventions
  • Susceptability, Dose response, Latency, Immunity
26
Q

What is the definition of an infectious disease?

A

A disease caused by a microorganism and therefore potentially transferable to new individuals

27
Q

What is the definition of a contagious disease?

A

A disease capable of spreading rapidly from one individual to another by contact or close proximity

28
Q

What is the definition of a communicable disease?

A

an infectious disease that is contagious and which can be transmitted from one source to another

29
Q

What is a non-contagious infectious disease?

A

An infectious disease that is not transmitted by direct contact or exposure to a contaminated environment

30
Q

What is a primary pathogen?

A

Can cause a disease in a healthy host, e.g Bovine TB, Salmonella, Anthrax

31
Q

What is horizontal route of transmission

A

When there is transmission between the same or a different generation

32
Q

What is the vertical route of transmission?

A

When transmission is through a different generation

33
Q

What are some examples of indirect transmission

A

Contaminated food/ water, air borne, vectors, environment, contaminated equipment

34
Q

What is the definition of one health?

A

Recognises the interrelationship between animal, human and environmental health

35
Q

What is the definition of an infectious disease?

A

A disease caused by a microorganism and therefore potentially
transferable to new individuals. May or may not be communicable/contagious.

36
Q

What is the definition of a contagious disease?

A

A disease capable of spreading rapidly from one individual to another
by contact or close proximity – Parvo, MRSA.

37
Q

What is the definition of a communicable disease?

A

An infectious disease that is contagious and which can be
transmitted from one source to another (same as contagious, but used more in human
medicine).

38
Q

What is a definition of a non-contagious infectious disease

A

An infectious disease that is not transmitted by direct
contact or exposure to contaminated environment – Blue tongue, Malaria, Lyme disease.

39
Q

What is the definition of a primary pathogen?

A

Can cause a disease in a healthy host. E.g.
Bovine TB, Salmonella, Anthrax.

40
Q

What is the difference between a primary and opportunistic pathogen?

A

opportunistic pathogens can only cause disease in already susceptible/ immunocompromised pathogens

41
Q

What is the definition of an opportunistic pathogen?

A

Cause disease in the presence of or
following a predisposing factor – e.g. Avian colibacillosis.

VMS 2009 (45 decks)

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