Intro to veterinary immunology Flashcards
What is the aim of the immune system?
- To protect animals against microbial invasion and is therefore essential for life
What three mechanisms help to ensure ‘freedom’ from inavsion?
- Physical barriers
- Innate immunity that provides rapid initial protection
- Adaptive immunity that provides prolonged effective immunity
What is a physical barrier?
Provides immediate protection
What is an innate mechanism?
Provides rapid protection that keeps mcirobial inavders at bay untill adaptive immunity cann develop
What is adaptive immunity?
Can take several days or weeks to become effective
Who ‘launched’ the science of immunology?
Pasteur- his experiment tested the principle of vaccination and its immune response
By what year was immunology in animals well recognised
1900
What are the steps to immunity?
Invading microorganisms -> Physical barriers -> Innate immunity -> adaptive immunity
What are the two primary immune system organs?
Thymus and the Bone Marrow
Name 4 Secondary immune organs
- Tonsils
- Peyers patches
- Lymph nodes
- Spleen
Where are all B and T cells produced?
In the bone marrow (bursa of fabricius in chickens)
What do molecules in the innate immune system do?
- Bind and kill invaders
- Coat invaders so that cells can kill them
- Block microbial growth
- Prevent microbial spread
- Mobilise body defences
What is humoral immunity?
A form of adaptive immunity, directed against invaders and mediated by antibodies
What is Cell-Mediated immunity?
Another form of adaptive immunity, mainly directed against the pathogens- employs cells that destroy abnormal cells
Usually involves either T-Helper or T-Cytotoxic Cells
What is immunological memory?
adaptive immune system remembers prior exposure to foreign invaders, mounting a faster immune response
