Neoplasia III

Question 1

What are the 6 steps of Invasion?

Answer 1

1. Adhesion (tumour cells detach from the main tumour mass and penetrate the basement membrane)
2. Migration
3. Stromal invasion- degredation of the basement membrane and ECM components to penetrate and inavde surrounding tissue
4. Intravestation (penetration of endothelial basement membranes and passing through endothelial cells into the vessel lumen)
5. Tumour emboli (clump together and then travel through lymphatic/ blood vessels)
6. Extraversion (intravascular tumour cells leave vessels)

Question 2

What is the lymphatic pathway of tumour metastasis?

Answer 2

Mostly carcinomas
the lymph nodes that are closest to the tumour are usually affected first

Question 3

What is the Haematogenous pathway of tumour metastasis?

Answer 3

Mostly sarcomas and some carcinomas
Generally affects veins rather than arteries

Question 4

What is the transcolaemic pathway of tumour metastasis?

Answer 4

Direct spread across cavities or surfaces

Question 5

What is carcinomatosis?

Answer 5

Spread of epithelial tumours across body cavities

Question 6

What are the direct effects of tumour metastasis on animals?

Answer 6

• Compromised function of organs
• Calvarium (compression and damage of the brain)
• Tumour invasion of the organ wall of a hollow organ (e.g the stomach) can lead to obstruction or rupture
• Erosion of blood vessel walls (tumour emboli) which creates haemorrhage
• Tumour emboli can cause infarcts

Question 7

What are the paraneoplastic/ Indirect effects of tumour metastasis on the animal?

Answer 7

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