Principles of Immunisation Flashcards
What is active immunisation?
Immunity brought about by the introduction of a foreign antigen into the body, triggering an immune response.
What is the initial response like to active immunisation?
Slow
What does active immunisation develop?
Immunological memory
What 5 types of vaccines can result in active immunity?
- Live (attenuated) organism
- Killed organism
- Toxoid
- Recombinant
- Conjugate
What is an example of a live vaccine
- Varicella
- MMR
What is a recombinant vaccine?
- Genetically altered
- Antigen coding gene placed in yeast cells and cultured
What is a conjugate vaccine?
- Vaccine where key antigen is a carbohydrate
- Antigen is attached to a protein to help the body recognise it.
What are 2 examples of pathogens that have a carbohydrate antigen?
- Strep Pneumoniae
- Neisseria Meningitidis
What is passive immunisation?
Provides protection but doesn’t result in memory
What is an example of natural passive immunisation?
Transfer of IgG and IgM from mother to child through breast milk
What is human normal immunoglobulin?
- Contains all antibodies from an unselected pool of random blood donors
What is human specific immunoglobulin?
Blood donors selected have a high antibody level against target organism
