Chronic Inflammation Flashcards
List the 4 cells involved in chronic inflammation
- Lymphocytes
- Macrophages
- Plasma cells
- Fibroblasts
What are the two different ways chronic inflammation can develop?
- From acute inflammation
- As a primary lesion
What is the process of it arising from acute inflammation?
- Large damage
- Inability to remove debris
- Failure to resolve
What are examples of chronic inflammation arising as a primary lesion?
- Autoimmune diseases
- Digestive resistant material
- Exogenous substances
- Endogenous substance
What are examples of exogenous substances?
- Sutures
- Glass
What are examples of endogenous substances?
- Keratin
- Hair
- Necrotic tissue
What 2 other things, disregarding scarring, can chronic inflammation result in?
- Fibrosis
- Granuloma formation
State 5 things that promote healing and repair
- Cleanliness
- Apposition of edges (suture)
- Good nutrition
- Metabolic stability
- Normal inflammatory functions
State 6 things that inhibit proper repair and healing
- Dirty wound
- Gaping wound
- Haemophilia
- Poor nourishment
- Abnormal CHO metabolism, diabetes
- Inhibition of angiogenesis
What vitamin deficiencies can result in poor healing
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
What systemic effects does TB cause?
- Malaise
- Cachexia
What is autoimmune thyrodosis an example of?
Loss of function
What is a plasma cell?
Mature B cell in circulation
What do macrophages produce in response to viruses?
Interferon
What are fibroblasts?
- Metabolically active cells
- Assemble structural proteins
What is produced during granulomatous inflammation?
Granulomas in tissue/organs
What is idiopathic disease?
Disease which we don’t know the aetiology of
How are granulomas formed?
- They surround giant cells which come about in response to an indigestible antigen/exogenous or endogenous substance
What are granulomas normally surrounded by?
- Lymphocytes
What immune cells do granulomas contain?
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
What type of hypersensitivity are granulomas?
Type 4
What do giant cells consist of
- Macrophages fused together
Structure of a giant cell?
- Large cytoplasm
- Multinucleate
What is langhans giant cell usually found in?
TB
What is the structure of langhans type?
- Nuclei on outside
- Large eosinophilic cytoplasm
Which giant cell is associated with pyogenic granulation tissue?
Foreign body type
What type of giant cell comes about in response to a ruptured silicone implant?
- Silicone associated giant cell
Name some infectious granulomatous diseases
- TB
- Leprosy
Caseous Necrosis
- Cheesey necrosis
What cells surround the dead tissue in caseous necrosis
Macrophages, giant cells, neutrophils
Examples of non infective granulomas
- Crohns
- Sarcoidosis
What is sarcoidosis?
Granulomas appearing in organs all over the body
What is surgical wound healing an example of
Primary intention
What is healing larger defects left to?
Secondary intention
What is secondary intention?
- Forms large granulation tissue
- Large scar
- Scar tissue contracts
Sequence of events in fracture healing
- Trauma
- Bits of dead bone
- Acute inf.
- Granulation tissue contains osteoblasts as well as fibroblasts
What is callous formation a result from?
Osteoblasts laying down new bone
What stimulates proliferation of vessels
- Vascular endothelial growth factor
What cells release vascular endothelial growth factor?
Hypoxic cells
