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Principles of Disease > Chronic Inflammation > Flashcards

Chronic Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

List the 4 cells involved in chronic inflammation

A
  • Lymphocytes
  • Macrophages
  • Plasma cells
  • Fibroblasts
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2
Q

What are the two different ways chronic inflammation can develop?

A
  • From acute inflammation

- As a primary lesion

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3
Q

What is the process of it arising from acute inflammation?

A
  • Large damage
  • Inability to remove debris
  • Failure to resolve
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4
Q

What are examples of chronic inflammation arising as a primary lesion?

A
  • Autoimmune diseases
  • Digestive resistant material
  • Exogenous substances
  • Endogenous substance
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5
Q

What are examples of exogenous substances?

A
  • Sutures

- Glass

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6
Q

What are examples of endogenous substances?

A
  • Keratin
  • Hair
  • Necrotic tissue
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7
Q

What 2 other things, disregarding scarring, can chronic inflammation result in?

A
  • Fibrosis

- Granuloma formation

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8
Q

State 5 things that promote healing and repair

A
  • Cleanliness
  • Apposition of edges (suture)
  • Good nutrition
  • Metabolic stability
  • Normal inflammatory functions
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9
Q

State 6 things that inhibit proper repair and healing

A
  • Dirty wound
  • Gaping wound
  • Haemophilia
  • Poor nourishment
  • Abnormal CHO metabolism, diabetes
  • Inhibition of angiogenesis
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10
Q

What vitamin deficiencies can result in poor healing

A

Vitamin C

Vitamin A

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11
Q

What systemic effects does TB cause?

A
  • Malaise

- Cachexia

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12
Q

What is autoimmune thyrodosis an example of?

A

Loss of function

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13
Q

What is a plasma cell?

A

Mature B cell in circulation

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14
Q

What do macrophages produce in response to viruses?

A

Interferon

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15
Q

What are fibroblasts?

A
  • Metabolically active cells

- Assemble structural proteins

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16
Q

What is produced during granulomatous inflammation?

A

Granulomas in tissue/organs

17
Q

What is idiopathic disease?

A

Disease which we don’t know the aetiology of

18
Q

How are granulomas formed?

A
  • They surround giant cells which come about in response to an indigestible antigen/exogenous or endogenous substance
19
Q

What are granulomas normally surrounded by?

A
  • Lymphocytes
20
Q

What immune cells do granulomas contain?

A
  • Neutrophils

- Eosinophils

21
Q

What type of hypersensitivity are granulomas?

A

Type 4

22
Q

What do giant cells consist of

A
  • Macrophages fused together
23
Q

Structure of a giant cell?

A
  • Large cytoplasm

- Multinucleate

24
Q

What is langhans giant cell usually found in?

A

TB

25
Q

What is the structure of langhans type?

A
  • Nuclei on outside

- Large eosinophilic cytoplasm

26
Q

Which giant cell is associated with pyogenic granulation tissue?

A

Foreign body type

27
Q

What type of giant cell comes about in response to a ruptured silicone implant?

A
  • Silicone associated giant cell
28
Q

Name some infectious granulomatous diseases

A
  • TB

- Leprosy

29
Q

Caseous Necrosis

A
  • Cheesey necrosis
30
Q

What cells surround the dead tissue in caseous necrosis

A

Macrophages, giant cells, neutrophils

31
Q

Examples of non infective granulomas

A
  • Crohns

- Sarcoidosis

32
Q

What is sarcoidosis?

A

Granulomas appearing in organs all over the body

33
Q

What is surgical wound healing an example of

A

Primary intention

34
Q

What is healing larger defects left to?

A

Secondary intention

35
Q

What is secondary intention?

A
  • Forms large granulation tissue
  • Large scar
  • Scar tissue contracts
36
Q

Sequence of events in fracture healing

A
  • Trauma
  • Bits of dead bone
  • Acute inf.
  • Granulation tissue contains osteoblasts as well as fibroblasts
37
Q

What is callous formation a result from?

A

Osteoblasts laying down new bone

38
Q

What stimulates proliferation of vessels

A
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor
39
Q

What cells release vascular endothelial growth factor?

A

Hypoxic cells

Principles of Disease (35 decks)

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