Introduction to Bacteria

Question 1

How are bacteria identified with staining characteristics?

Answer 1

Positive and negative gram staining

Question 2

How can bacteria be identified using their shape?

Answer 2

Cocci and bacilli

Question 3

What shape are cocci?

Answer 3

Spherical

Question 4

What shape are bacilli?

Answer 4

Rod shaped

Question 5

What are the 5 main structures of a typical bacterial cell wall?

Answer 5

• Penicillin binding proteins
• Peptidoglycans
• Lipopolysaccharide
• Flagellum
• Fimbriae

Question 6

What do penicillin binding proteins do?

Answer 6

Synthesise peptidoglycan

Question 7

What is the function of peptidoglycans in the cell?

Answer 7

• Strength and shape

Question 8

What is an example of a lipopolysaccharide in the gram negative bacterial cell wall?

Answer 8

Endotoxin

Question 9

What is the function of the flagellum?

Answer 9

Motility

Question 10

What is the function of the fimbriae?

Answer 10

Adherence

Question 11

How are bacteria classified and named?

Answer 11

• Based on genus of the species

- Strains have similar characteristics but are different

Question 12

How are strains identified?

Answer 12

Typing

Question 13

What are the 4 components of gram negative cell walls

Answer 13

• Plasma membrane
• Periplasmic space
• Peptidoglycan
• Outer membrane

Question 14

What two bacterium have a flagella?

Answer 14

• E. Coli

- Salmonella

Question 15

What bacteria have fimbriae?

Answer 15

Strep

Question 16

What bacteria can form spores?

Answer 16

Gram negative

Question 17

What are spores supposed to improve?

Answer 17

Survivability

Question 18

What is the ruling circle mechanism?

Answer 18

Horizontal gene transfer

Question 19

What is the process of the ruling circle mechanism?

Answer 19

• Plasmid DNA copied onto a single strand in F+ cell (cell with resistance)
• Single strand then transferred to F- cell
• F- cell creates a complimentary strand to it and creates a plasmid

Question 20

How do bacteria replicate?

Answer 20

Binary fission

Question 21

What does the prefix “staphyl” mean?

Answer 21

Colony forming

Question 22

What does “strepto” mean?

Answer 22

Chain forming

Question 23

What does “acineto” mean?

Answer 23

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