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Principles of Disease > Drug Absorption > Flashcards

Drug Absorption Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 physic-chemical factors that affect the transferral of drugs across cell membranes?

A
  • Ionisation
  • Lipid solubility
  • Structure
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2
Q

What environmental factor does the degree of dissociation of a drug depend on?

A

pH

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3
Q

What are ionised drugs unable to do?

A

Cross the membrane

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4
Q

What can unionised drugs do?

A

Cross the membrane

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5
Q

What is an example of a lipophobic drug that will not readily pass across the membrane?

A

Gentamicin

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6
Q

How will a drugs structure affect its ability to cross the membrane?

A

If its shape resembles naturally occurring substances it can diffuse easier

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7
Q

What are the 3 factors unrelated to the drug that affect the absorption of a drug from the GI tract?

A
  • Motility
  • Food
  • Illness
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8
Q

How does motility affect absorption?

A

The speed at which the drug reaches the absorption site

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9
Q

How can motility be influenced?

A
  • Illness
  • Food and drink
  • Other drugs
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10
Q

How can illness impair absorption?

A
  • Malabsorption
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11
Q

Name two conditions that alter the ability of drug absorption (you have one of them)

A
  • Coeliacs disease

- Migraines reduce stomach emptying rate therefore reduce analgesic absorption

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12
Q

What is the first pass metabolism?

A

The metabolism of the drug prior to it being absorbed

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13
Q

How can rapid first pass metabolism be avoided?

A

Different delivery methods

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14
Q

What three places does first pass metabolism occur?

A
  • Gut lumen
  • Gut wall
  • Liver
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15
Q

What breaks down drugs in the gut lumen

A
  • Acid

- Enzymes

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16
Q

What breaks drugs down in the gut wall

A
  • Enzymes
17
Q

What metabolises drugs in the liver?

A
  • Hepatic extraction ratio
18
Q

What are the benefits of intravenous administration?

A
  • 100% bioavailability

- Avoids first pass metabolism

19
Q

What are the benefits of topical administration?

A
  • Can be used for local and systemic effects
  • Can be easily controlled
  • Easy to keep up dosage
  • Avoids first pass metabolism
20
Q

What are the benefits of inhalation?

A
  • Drug delivered to site directly
  • Very fast
  • Very small doses
  • Mostly local absorption
21
Q

What is bioavailability?

A

The amount of drug which reaches circulation and is ready for action

22
Q

What 4 factors affect bioavailability?

A
  • Formulation
  • Drug’s ability to pass physiological barriers
  • GI effects
  • First pass metabolism
23
Q

What 3 factors affect a drugs ability to pass physiological barriers?

A
  • Particle size
  • Lipid solubility
  • pH and ionisation

Principles of Disease (35 decks)

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